Question 1

Match the following organelles with their functions in the cell.
-Lysosome

Accepted Answer

A)  Mediates the linking together of amino acids to form proteins
B)  Packages newly synthesized proteins for export from the cell
C)  Involved in protein and lipid synthesis, detoxification of harmful substances, and calcium storage in the cell
D)  Destroys toxic products within the cell
E)  Digests foreign proteins and worn-out cell componentsF) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 2

Water, dietary fiber, bacterial cells, and worn-out intestinal cells are components of

Accepted Answer

A)   feces.
B)   bile.
C)   urine.
D)   lymph.E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 3

When a nutrient moves freely across the cell membrane from an area of higher nutrient concentration into an absorptive cell where the concentration of that nutrient is lower, this is called

Accepted Answer

A)   active absorption.
B)   passive diffusion.
C)   facilitated diffusion.
D)   phagocytosis.E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 4

Match the following with the descriptions below.
-Nervous tissue

Accepted Answer

A)  Type of tissue that holds different structures in the body together
B)  Collection of cells adapted to perform a specific function
C)  Type of tissue adapted to contract, to cause movement
D)  Type of tissue composed of highly branched, elongated cells that transport nerve impulses from one part of the body to another
E)  Surface cells that line the outside of the body and all external passages within itF) Group of tissues designed to perform a specific functionG) B) and E)
H) D) and E)

Question 5

Glucose can be stored as glycogen in the

Accepted Answer

A)   liver and kidneys.
B)   liver and muscles.
C)   heart and kidneys.
D)   blood and lymph.E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 6

In passive absorption, nutrients enter the cell

Accepted Answer

A)   with a carrier.
B)   with the expenditure of energy.
C)   from an area of higher solute concentration to one of lower concentration.
D)   from an area of lower solute concentration to one of higher concentration.E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 7

The function of the intrinsic factor is to

Accepted Answer

A)   facilitate absorption of vitamin B-12.
B)   solubilize minerals in the chyme.
C)   emulsify fats in the small intestine.
D)   lubricate the passage of food through the GI tract.E) None of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 8

When should you seek medical attention for digestive problems?

Accepted Answer

A)   When over-the-counter medications cannot control the symptoms
B)   If there is evidence of blood in the stool or vomit
C)   If the problem results in unintended weight loss
D)   All of these are reasons to seek medical treatment.E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 9

The only proven treatment for celiac disease is dietary avoidance of

Accepted Answer

A)   wheat, barley, and rye.
B)   wheat, rice, and oats.
C)   gas-forming foods.
D)   spicy and acidic foods.E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 10

The walls of the small intestine are folded, and within the folds are fingerlike projections called

Accepted Answer

A)   villi.
B)   cilia.
C)   dendrites.
D)   rugae.E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 11

The processes by which certain white blood cells identify and destroy pathogens are part of the ________ immune response.

Accepted Answer

A)   specific (adaptive) 
B)   nonspecific (innate) C) A) and B)
D) undefined

Question 12

When food enters the small intestine, a hormone stimulates the release of ________ from the pancreas.

Accepted Answer

A)   bicarbonate
B)   acid
C)   bile
D)   mucusE) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 13

Most stomach ulcers are caused by ________ infection.

Accepted Answer

A)   Salmonella
B)   Helicobacter pylori
C)   E. coli
D)   Clostridium botulinumE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 14

Match the following with the descriptions below.
-Tissue

Accepted Answer

A)  Type of tissue that holds different structures in the body together
B)  Collection of cells adapted to perform a specific function
C)  Type of tissue adapted to contract, to cause movement
D)  Type of tissue composed of highly branched, elongated cells that transport nerve impulses from one part of the body to another
E)  Surface cells that line the outside of the body and all external passages within itF) Group of tissues designed to perform a specific functionG) B) and C)
H) E) and F)

Question 15

Match the following organelles with their functions in the cell.
-Golgi complex

Accepted Answer

A)  Mediates the linking together of amino acids to form proteins
B)  Packages newly synthesized proteins for export from the cell
C)  Involved in protein and lipid synthesis, detoxification of harmful substances, and calcium storage in the cell
D)  Destroys toxic products within the cell
E)  Digests foreign proteins and worn-out cell componentsF) A) and B)
G) None of the above

Question 16

The ringlike muscles that prevent the backflow of partially digested food within the gastrointestinal tract are called

Accepted Answer

A)   sphincters.
B)   passages.
C)   channels.
D)   gates.E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 17

Match the following with the descriptions below.
-Enzyme

Accepted Answer

A)  A mixture of stomach secretions and partially digested food
B)  Fingerlike projections in the small intestine that participate in digestion and absorption of nutrients
C)  A compound that speeds the rate of chemical processes but is not altered by the process
D)  A muscular valve that controls the flow of food matter into the stomach
E)  A substance released into the small intestine to aid fat absorptionF) B) and C)
G) A) and E)

Question 18

Immediately after lipids are absorbed from the small intestine, they are transported through the ________ system to a duct that empties into the bloodstream near the heart.

Accepted Answer

A)   portal
B)   enterohepatic
C)   lymphatic
D)   cardiovascularE) B) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 19

Match the following with the descriptions below.
-Chyme

Accepted Answer

A)  A mixture of stomach secretions and partially digested food
B)  Fingerlike projections in the small intestine that participate in digestion and absorption of nutrients
C)  A compound that speeds the rate of chemical processes but is not altered by the process
D)  A muscular valve that controls the flow of food matter into the stomach
E)  A substance released into the small intestine to aid fat absorptionF) C) and D)
G) C) and E)

Question 20

Which organ of the urinary system produces urine?

Accepted Answer

A)   Kidney
B)   Ureter
C)   Urethra
D)   Urinary bladderE) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Exam 3: The Human Body: a Nutrition Perspective

Glucose can be stored as glycogen in the

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The ringlike muscles that prevent the backflow of partially digested food within the gastrointestinal tract are called

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Match the following organelles with their functions in the cell. -Golgi complex

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The walls of the small intestine are folded, and within the folds are fingerlike projections called

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Which organ of the urinary system produces urine?

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Immediately after lipids are absorbed from the small intestine, they are transported through the ________ system to a duct that empties into the bloodstream near the heart.

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Match the following organelles with their functions in the cell. -Lysosome

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The only proven treatment for celiac disease is dietary avoidance of

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When a nutrient moves freely across the cell membrane from an area of higher nutrient concentration into an absorptive cell where the concentration of that nutrient is lower, this is called

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When food enters the small intestine, a hormone stimulates the release of ________ from the pancreas.

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Most stomach ulcers are caused by ________ infection.

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The processes by which certain white blood cells identify and destroy pathogens are part of the ________ immune response.

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The function of the intrinsic factor is to

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When should you seek medical attention for digestive problems?

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In passive absorption, nutrients enter the cell

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Water, dietary fiber, bacterial cells, and worn-out intestinal cells are components of

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Match the following with the descriptions below. -Nervous tissue

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Match the following with the descriptions below. -Enzyme

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Match the following with the descriptions below. -Chyme

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Match the following with the descriptions below. -Tissue

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