Question 1

When a sodium atom transfers an electron to a chlorine atom

Accepted Answer

A)   the sodium atom becomes a positively charged ion.
B)   the chlorine atom becomes a negatively charged ion.
C)   the positive and negative ions will attract each other, forming a crystal if no water is present.
D)   the ions will separate in the presence of water.
E)   All of the above statements are correct.F) None of the above
G) D) and E)

Question 2

The electron arrangement for argon, which has 18 electrons, is

Accepted Answer

A)   2 in the inner electron shell, 8 in the second electron shell, and 8 in the outer electron shell.
B)   8 in the inner electron shell, 8 in the second electron shell, and 2 in the outer electron shell.
C)   6 in the inner electron shell, 6 in the second electron shell, and 6 in the outer electron shell.
D)   5 in the inner electron shell, 6 in the second electron shell, and 7 in the outer electron shell.
E)   7 in the inner electron shell, 6 in the second electron shell, and 5 in the outer electron shell.F) All of the above
G) A) and D)

Question 3

The pH of pure water is ________ because ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   7.0; water contains an equal number of H + ions and OH -ions
B)   14.0; water contains more OH - ions than H + ions.
C)   1.0; water contains more H +ions than OH - ions.
D)   7.0; there are no ions formed in pure water
E)   5; because pure water lacks minerals.F) B) and C)
G) B) and D) A

Question 4

Which one of the following is the smallest unit of matter that has all the properties of an element?

Accepted Answer

A)   molecule
B)   proton
C)   atom
D)   compound
E)   electronF) D) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 5

Which of the following would be an example of the value of water's heat capacity?

Accepted Answer

A)   Water is able to travel up a 100-foot tree.
B)   Water expands as it freezes causing ice to float on the surface of a lake.
C)   Living organisms are able to maintain their internal body temperatures because the water in their cells resists changes in temperature.
D)   Small insects can walk on water.
E)   Water molecules stick together.F) A) and B)
G) B) and C)

Question 6

A covalent bond occurs when

Accepted Answer

A)   protons are transferred from one atom to another.
B)   neutrons are shared between two atoms to form an isotope.
C)   electrons are shared between two atoms to complete their octets.
D)   the hydrogen of one water molecule is attracted to the oxygen of another water molecule.
E)   electrons are transferred from one atom to another.F) D) and E)
G) A) and E)

Question 7

An element has an atomic number of 88. The number of protons and electrons in a neutral atom of the element are

Accepted Answer

A)   176 protons and 88 electrons.
B)   44 protons and 44 electrons.
C)   0 protons and 88 electrons.
D)   88 protons and 88 electrons.
E)   88 protons and 44 electrons.F) A) and E)
G) D) and E)

Question 8

Both radioactive isotopes and stable isotopes contain the same number of electrons and protons.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

In what ways are radioactive isotopes potentially harmful?

Accepted Answer

A)   Unmonitored release into the environment can make changes in a cell's DNA.
B)   They are used to trace molecular changes.
C)   They are used to destroy abnormal cells.
D)   They are used to determine the age of biological specimens.
E)   They are used to trace the path of materials throughout the body.F) B) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 10

Positron-emission tomography (PET) is an example of how ions are useful in medicine.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 11

The reactivity of an atom depends on the number of

Accepted Answer

A)   protons.
B)   neutrons.
C)   protons plus neutrons.
D)   valence electrons.
E)   protons and electrons.F) C) and D)
G) C) and E)

Question 12

A covalent bond involves the sharing of

Accepted Answer

A)   neutrons.
B)   protons.
C)   pairs of protons.
D)   at least three electrons.
E)   pairs of electrons.F) B) and E)
G) B) and C)

Question 13

Which of the following is a property of acids?

Accepted Answer

A)   Acids have a sharp or sour taste.
B)   Acids feel slippery when touched.
C)   Acids taste bitter.
D)   Acids release OH - when dissolved in a liquid.
E)   Acids have a pH reading above 7.0.F) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

Question 14

How does a strong acid differ from a weak acid?

Accepted Answer

A)   A strong acid contains fewer H + in solution.
B)   A weak acid dissociates only partially in water.
C)   A strong acid is less likely to remain dissociated.
D)   A weak acid dissociates nearly completely in water.
E)   A strong acid dissociates only partly in water.F) A) and D)
G) A) and C) B

Question 15

Which of the following is a way in which chemical bonds can be formed?

Accepted Answer

A)   sharing electrons
B)   losing electrons
C)   gaining electrons
D)   attracting opposite charges
E)   All of the answers describe ways that chemical bonds can be formed.F) A) and C)
G) None of the above

Question 16

A(n)  ________ can be defined as asubstance that keeps pH within established limits by taking up excess H +or OH - in a solution.

Accepted Answer

A)   equalizer
B)   solute
C)   buffer
D)   acid
E)   baseF) None of the above
G) B) and D)

Question 17

Which of the following statements about atoms is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)   An element may be composed of several types of atoms.
B)   The nucleus of an atom contains protons and electrons.
C)   The number and arrangement of electrons in an atom governs its chemical activity.
D)   The positive charges of an element are carried by the electrons.
E)   The neutral charges of an element are carried by the protons.F) All of the above
G) A) and B)

Question 18

What do lemons, tomatoes, and coffee all have in common chemically?

Accepted Answer

A)   They all produce OH - ions in solution, making them bases.
B)   They all produce H +ions in solution, making them acids.
C)   They all are fruits.
D)   They are all neutral in pH.
E)   They are all slippery to the touch.F) B) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 19

The number of neutrons present in the nucleus of an average atom of any given element is best estimated by

Accepted Answer

A)   adding the number of electrons and protons together.
B)   subtracting the number of electrons from the number of protons.
C)   adding the mass number to the number of electrons.
D)   subtracting the number of protons from the mass number.
E)   adding the atomic number and atomic mass together.F) B) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 20

The pH scale is a mathematical indicator of the

Accepted Answer

A)   concentration of H + present in a solution.
B)   concentration of OH - present in a solution.
C)   total amount of all ions in a solution.
D)   ability of a solution to buffer.
E)   ability to dissolve in water.F) B) and E)
G) C) and D)

Exam 2: The Chemical Basis of Life

When a sodium atom transfers an electron to a chlorine atom

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The electron arrangement for argon, which has 18 electrons, is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The pH of pure water is ________ because ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedA

Which one of the following is the smallest unit of matter that has all the properties of an element?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following would be an example of the value of water's heat capacity?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A covalent bond occurs when

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An element has an atomic number of 88. The number of protons and electrons in a neutral atom of the element are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Both radioactive isotopes and stable isotopes contain the same number of electrons and protons.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In what ways are radioactive isotopes potentially harmful?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Positron-emission tomography (PET) is an example of how ions are useful in medicine.

Correct AnswerverifiedFalse

The reactivity of an atom depends on the number of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A covalent bond involves the sharing of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is a property of acids?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How does a strong acid differ from a weak acid?

Correct AnswerverifiedB

Which of the following is a way in which chemical bonds can be formed?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A(n) ________ can be defined as asubstance that keeps pH within established limits by taking up excess H +or OH - in a solution.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements about atoms is correct?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What do lemons, tomatoes, and coffee all have in common chemically?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The number of neutrons present in the nucleus of an average atom of any given element is best estimated by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The pH scale is a mathematical indicator of the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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The pH of pure water is because .

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A

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False

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B

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A(n) ________ can be defined as asubstance that keeps pH within established limits by taking up excess H ⁺or OH ^- in a solution.

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