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Reconciliation focuses on transforming the individual into a productive member of society.

A) True
B) False

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Tom was convicted of rape and received the sentence of life in prison with the possibility of parole. He is up for parole board review. His sentence is an example of ______.


A) indeterminate
B) determinate
C) mandatory minimum
D) presumptive

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Discuss and explain the significance of the seriousness of offense and the defendant's prior record.

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Studies indicate the principal basis for...

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Tom believes that individuals should be punished in order to send the message that crime should not occur. Tom most likely agrees with what purpose of punishment?


A) retribution
B) deterrence
C) incapacitation
D) rehabilitation

E) A) and C)
F) None of the above

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Identify which of the important functions of trials assures that the government will intervene to protect citizens by prosecuting wrongdoers.


A) symbolism
B) legitimacy
C) security
D) law

E) None of the above
F) A) and C)

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Short-term shock incarceration is an example of intermediate sanctions.

A) True
B) False

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A crime being particularly brutal would be considered ______.


A) an aggravating circumstance
B) a mitigating circumstance
C) irrelevant in the sentencing process
D) none of the above

E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

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Explain and discuss the history and significance of Sentencing Reform and Three Strikes Laws.

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In 1980, Minnesota adopted sentencing gu...

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Jessica believes that individuals who commit crime should be locked up so that they can pay for their crimes. Jessica most likely agrees with what purpose of punishment?


A) deterrence
B) retribution
C) incapacitation
D) rehabilitation

E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

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Identify which case decided that a 12-person jury is not constitutionally required.


A) Ballew v. Georgia
B) Furman v. Georgia
C) Gregg v. Georgia
D) Williams v. Florida

E) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

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Juries must be comprised of 12 individuals.

A) True
B) False

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Deterrence refers to ______.


A) punishment intended to transform individual into productive member of society
B) punishing to discourage from offenses happening again
C) punishing in order to harm the individual who caused harm
D) punishing to remove individual from society as an interest for safety

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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Which of the following cases started the moratorium on the death penalty.


A) Gregg v. Georgia
B) Furman v. Georgia
C) Roe v. Wade
D) Ballew v. Georgia

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Identify which of the following is true about jury size.


A) The minimum size of individuals on a jury in criminal cases is 12.
B) The minimum size of individuals on a jury in criminal cases is 6.
C) The maximum size of individuals on a jury in criminal cases is 6.
D) There is no minimum amount of people required to be on a jury in criminal cases.

E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

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Tommy is a juror in a case where there is ample evidence of the defendant's guilt. However, Tommy believes that the system is imposing harsh sentences for that specific crime and does not want to participate in it. He tells other jurors they should vote the defendant not guilty. Tommy is engaging in ______.


A) challenge for cause
B) nullification
C) peremptory challenge
D) jury tampering

E) None of the above
F) All of the above

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Minimum and maximum sentences are given by judges, but parole boards reviewing cases decide actual sentence time being served. This refers to ______.


A) presumptive sentences
B) mandatory minimum sentences
C) determinate sentences
D) indeterminate sentences

E) None of the above
F) All of the above

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Which of the following is NOT true about juries and social science?


A) It is proven that scientific jury selection can predict the behavior of specific jurors.
B) There is an increase in jury consultants.
C) Consultants analyze body language and handwriting.
D) Mock juries are used to test persuasiveness of arguments prior to actual trials.

E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

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House arrest is an example of ______.


A) imprisonment
B) intermediate sanctions
C) presumptive sentence
D) determinate sentence

E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

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Summarize the basics of the indeterminate sentence.

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The legislature specifies a minimum and ...

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Retribution refers to ______.


A) punishing to discourage from offenses happening again
B) punishing in order to harm the individual that caused harm
C) punishing to remove individual from society as an interest for safety
D) punishment intended to transform individual into productive member of society

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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