Question 1

Disadvantages of the behavioral modification approach to motivation consist of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)   Behavioral modification can be manipulative and dehumanizing.
B)   The approach is flawed because the reinforcement must be carefully tailored to the personality of each employee.
C)   Effectiveness is reduced when employees become aware that they are being manipulated in this fashion.
D)   All of the above.
E)   None of the above.F) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 2

Those who studied the psychological basis of motivation subscribe to which of the following models?

Accepted Answer

A)   unfulfilled needs or desires →\rightarrow→  response in the form of behavior to satisfy the need →\rightarrow→  fulfillment of the need.
B)   group identity →\rightarrow→  group process →\rightarrow→  group outcomes
C)   identification of goals →\rightarrow→ identification of alternative means of achieving those objectives and goals →\rightarrow→  prediction and evaluation of outcomes resulting from each alternative →\rightarrow→  selection of the alternative that best achieves the desired objectives and goals
D)   All of the above.
E)   None of the above. F) A) and B)
G) D) and E)

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT an element of Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

Accepted Answer

A)   self-actualization
B)   social needs
C)   self-awareness
D)   safety and security
E)   self-esteemF) C) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 4

Studies examining attempts to implement Total Quality Management in government clearly indicated that its adoption has resulted in savings and efficiencies without significant impediments.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Nominal Group Technique has a tendency to exacerbate the problems of group decision making and groupthink; in part, because it tends to decrease the group leader's power in the process and because it increases political influences on group decision making.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Matching Exercise
Match the concepts in the left-hand column to their counterparts in the right-hand column.
-Hygienic factors

Accepted Answer

A)   A psychological state that stimulates and directs human behavior toward some goal that fulfills a need.
B)   Organizational incentives to perform not related to position or employment.
C)   The employee incentives that relate to working conditions and pay. Herzberg also called them dissatisfiers.
D)   A view of human behavior that observes that people hate work and do whatever is possible to avoid it.
E)   A view of human behavior that observes that people are creative and find work as a natural outlet for talents.F)  A motivational approach that emphasizes the removal of negative consequences as the spur to learning.G)  The unique character or "personality" of an organization, consisting of the core beliefs, attitudes, and values that influence employees' actions, often on a subconscious level.H)  A motivational approach thatemphasizes material rewards as the key organizational learning.I)  A situation in which members become so strongly identified with the group thatthey avoid criticism and fail to consider all alternatives.J)  A model developed by Abraham Maslow to explain how different levelsof needs, from food to self-actualization,motivate people.K) A) and B)
L) A) and G)

Question 7

Organizational development is the intellectual heir to the human relations school and open systems theory.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 8

With Total Quality Management, workers are empowered to participate actively in managing the organization through the use of quality circles and self-directed work teams.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Which of the following is an important variable in individual performance?

Accepted Answer

A)   motivation
B)   ability
C)   organizational structure
D)   All of the above are important variables in individual performance.
E)   None of the above are important variables in individual performance.F) C) and E)
G) B) and D)

Question 10

Matching Exercise
Match the concepts in the left-hand column to their counterparts in the right-hand column.
-Groupthink

Accepted Answer

A)   A psychological state that stimulates and directs human behavior toward some goal that fulfills a need.
B)   Organizational incentives to perform not related to position or employment.
C)   The employee incentives that relate to working conditions and pay. Herzberg also called them dissatisfiers.
D)   A view of human behavior that observes that people hate work and do whatever is possible to avoid it.
E)   A view of human behavior that observes that people are creative and find work as a natural outlet for talents.F)  A motivational approach that emphasizes the removal of negative consequences as the spur to learning.G)  The unique character or "personality" of an organization, consisting of the core beliefs, attitudes, and values that influence employees' actions, often on a subconscious level.H)  A motivational approach thatemphasizes material rewards as the key organizational learning.I)  A situation in which members become so strongly identified with the group thatthey avoid criticism and fail to consider all alternatives.J)  A model developed by Abraham Maslow to explain how different levelsof needs, from food to self-actualization,motivate people.K) E) and F)
L) B) and D)

Question 11

The group-decision technique designed to reduce or eliminate groupthink that involves the use of written questionnaires and anonymity is called

Accepted Answer

A)   the Delphi Method.
B)   the Abilene Paradox.
C)   Nominal Group Technique.
D)   mixed scanning.
E)   positive reinforcement.F) A) and C)
G) A) and B)

Question 12

Matching Exercise
Match the concepts in the left-hand column to their counterparts in the right-hand column.
-Hierarchy of human needs

Accepted Answer

A)   A psychological state that stimulates and directs human behavior toward some goal that fulfills a need.
B)   Organizational incentives to perform not related to position or employment.
C)   The employee incentives that relate to working conditions and pay. Herzberg also called them dissatisfiers.
D)   A view of human behavior that observes that people hate work and do whatever is possible to avoid it.
E)   A view of human behavior that observes that people are creative and find work as a natural outlet for talents.F)  A motivational approach that emphasizes the removal of negative consequences as the spur to learning.G)  The unique character or "personality" of an organization, consisting of the core beliefs, attitudes, and values that influence employees' actions, often on a subconscious level.H)  A motivational approach thatemphasizes material rewards as the key organizational learning.I)  A situation in which members become so strongly identified with the group thatthey avoid criticism and fail to consider all alternatives.J)  A model developed by Abraham Maslow to explain how different levelsof needs, from food to self-actualization,motivate people.K) A) and B)
L) None of the above

Question 13

Matching Exercise
Match the concepts in the left-hand column to their counterparts in the right-hand column.
-Negative reinforcement

Accepted Answer

A)   A psychological state that stimulates and directs human behavior toward some goal that fulfills a need.
B)   Organizational incentives to perform not related to position or employment.
C)   The employee incentives that relate to working conditions and pay. Herzberg also called them dissatisfiers.
D)   A view of human behavior that observes that people hate work and do whatever is possible to avoid it.
E)   A view of human behavior that observes that people are creative and find work as a natural outlet for talents.F)  A motivational approach that emphasizes the removal of negative consequences as the spur to learning.G)  The unique character or "personality" of an organization, consisting of the core beliefs, attitudes, and values that influence employees' actions, often on a subconscious level.H)  A motivational approach thatemphasizes material rewards as the key organizational learning.I)  A situation in which members become so strongly identified with the group thatthey avoid criticism and fail to consider all alternatives.J)  A model developed by Abraham Maslow to explain how different levelsof needs, from food to self-actualization,motivate people.K) E) and F)
L) A) and G)

Question 14

Group decision making is usually faster and more efficient than individual decision making.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Matching Exercise
Match the concepts in the left-hand column to their counterparts in the right-hand column.
-Theory X

Accepted Answer

A)   A psychological state that stimulates and directs human behavior toward some goal that fulfills a need.
B)   Organizational incentives to perform not related to position or employment.
C)   The employee incentives that relate to working conditions and pay. Herzberg also called them dissatisfiers.
D)   A view of human behavior that observes that people hate work and do whatever is possible to avoid it.
E)   A view of human behavior that observes that people are creative and find work as a natural outlet for talents.F)  A motivational approach that emphasizes the removal of negative consequences as the spur to learning.G)  The unique character or "personality" of an organization, consisting of the core beliefs, attitudes, and values that influence employees' actions, often on a subconscious level.H)  A motivational approach thatemphasizes material rewards as the key organizational learning.I)  A situation in which members become so strongly identified with the group thatthey avoid criticism and fail to consider all alternatives.J)  A model developed by Abraham Maslow to explain how different levelsof needs, from food to self-actualization,motivate people.K) F) and I)
L) C) and I)

Question 16

Matching Exercise
Match the concepts in the left-hand column to their counterparts in the right-hand column.
-Extrinsic rewards

Accepted Answer

A)   A psychological state that stimulates and directs human behavior toward some goal that fulfills a need.
B)   Organizational incentives to perform not related to position or employment.
C)   The employee incentives that relate to working conditions and pay. Herzberg also called them dissatisfiers.
D)   A view of human behavior that observes that people hate work and do whatever is possible to avoid it.
E)   A view of human behavior that observes that people are creative and find work as a natural outlet for talents.F)  A motivational approach that emphasizes the removal of negative consequences as the spur to learning.G)  The unique character or "personality" of an organization, consisting of the core beliefs, attitudes, and values that influence employees' actions, often on a subconscious level.H)  A motivational approach thatemphasizes material rewards as the key organizational learning.I)  A situation in which members become so strongly identified with the group thatthey avoid criticism and fail to consider all alternatives.J)  A model developed by Abraham Maslow to explain how different levelsof needs, from food to self-actualization,motivate people.K) A) and G)
L) D) and I) B

Question 17

Which of the following statements about organizational culture is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)   Because of formalization and complexity of modern organizations, the existence of subcultures is rarely found.
B)   While an organization's culture may not be readily apparent to insiders because they are used to it, it can have an immediate and dramatic effect on outsiders.
C)   Organizational culture has little to do with the nature of the work an agency performs.
D)   All of the above are true.
E)   None of the above are true.F) All of the above
G) B) and D)

Question 18

In order to make true organizational change, it is often necessary to change the culture as well.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 19

Matching Exercise
Match the concepts in the left-hand column to their counterparts in the right-hand column.
-Positive reinforcement

Accepted Answer

A)   A psychological state that stimulates and directs human behavior toward some goal that fulfills a need.
B)   Organizational incentives to perform not related to position or employment.
C)   The employee incentives that relate to working conditions and pay. Herzberg also called them dissatisfiers.
D)   A view of human behavior that observes that people hate work and do whatever is possible to avoid it.
E)   A view of human behavior that observes that people are creative and find work as a natural outlet for talents.F)  A motivational approach that emphasizes the removal of negative consequences as the spur to learning.G)  The unique character or "personality" of an organization, consisting of the core beliefs, attitudes, and values that influence employees' actions, often on a subconscious level.H)  A motivational approach thatemphasizes material rewards as the key organizational learning.I)  A situation in which members become so strongly identified with the group thatthey avoid criticism and fail to consider all alternatives.J)  A model developed by Abraham Maslow to explain how different levelsof needs, from food to self-actualization,motivate people.K) A) and B)
L) A) and I)

Question 20

The theory that holds the assumption that people hate work and do all they can to avoid it is called

Accepted Answer

A)   path goal theory
B)   hierarchy of needs
C)   Theory X
D)   Theory Y
E)   two-factor theoryF) All of the above
G) C) and D)

Exam 9: Motivation, Decision Making, and Organizational Culture

Disadvantages of the behavioral modification approach to motivation consist of which of the following?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Those who studied the psychological basis of motivation subscribe to which of the following models?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is NOT an element of Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Studies examining attempts to implement Total Quality Management in government clearly indicated that its adoption has resulted in savings and efficiencies without significant impediments.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Nominal Group Technique has a tendency to exacerbate the problems of group decision making and groupthink; in part, because it tends to decrease the group leader's power in the process and because it increases political influences on group decision making.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Matching Exercise Match the concepts in the left-hand column to their counterparts in the right-hand column. -Hygienic factors

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Organizational development is the intellectual heir to the human relations school and open systems theory.

Correct AnswerverifiedTrue

With Total Quality Management, workers are empowered to participate actively in managing the organization through the use of quality circles and self-directed work teams.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is an important variable in individual performance?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Matching Exercise Match the concepts in the left-hand column to their counterparts in the right-hand column. -Groupthink

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The group-decision technique designed to reduce or eliminate groupthink that involves the use of written questionnaires and anonymity is called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Matching Exercise Match the concepts in the left-hand column to their counterparts in the right-hand column. -Hierarchy of human needs

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Matching Exercise Match the concepts in the left-hand column to their counterparts in the right-hand column. -Negative reinforcement

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Group decision making is usually faster and more efficient than individual decision making.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Matching Exercise Match the concepts in the left-hand column to their counterparts in the right-hand column. -Theory X

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Matching Exercise Match the concepts in the left-hand column to their counterparts in the right-hand column. -Extrinsic rewards

Correct AnswerverifiedB

Which of the following statements about organizational culture is TRUE?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In order to make true organizational change, it is often necessary to change the culture as well.

Correct AnswerverifiedTrue

Matching Exercise Match the concepts in the left-hand column to their counterparts in the right-hand column. -Positive reinforcement

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The theory that holds the assumption that people hate work and do all they can to avoid it is called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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True

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