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What were the major accomplishments of Justinian? In what ways did those achievements burden and help transform the Roman Empire in the east?

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Justinian I, also known as Justinian the...

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Pope Gregory the Great was responsible for all of the following EXCEPT


A) creating the Papal States.
B) recognizing the Byzantine emperor as the rightful ruler of Italy.
C) supporting the work of Christian missionaries in England.
D) writing The Ecclesiastical History of the English People.
E) becoming Bishop of Rome.

F) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

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The most accurate description of jihad is "striving in the way of the Lord."

A) True
B) False

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Muslims regard Muhammad as a Prophet but not as divine.

A) True
B) False

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After Constantine's death, the Roman Empire began to divide into western and eastern parts and by the end of the fourth century had become virtually two independent states.

A) True
B) False

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Jerome is known for all of the following EXCEPT


A) his mastery of Latin prose.
B) his skills as a linguist.
C) his translations of the Old and New Testaments from Hebrew and Greek into Latin.
D) his final return to pagan heresy and rejection of key Christian doctrines.
E) becoming one of the Latin Fathers of the Church.

F) All of the above
G) A) and B)

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The Council of Nicaea in 325


A) first organized a system of bishoprics.
B) elected the first pope.
C) defined Christ as being "of the same substance" as God.
D) centered around the heresy of Donatism.
E) was condemned by Constantine.

F) None of the above
G) B) and C)

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Byzantine armies from Constantinople were responsible for the destruction of the Visigothic kingdom in Spain.

A) True
B) False

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The Frankish palace official, Charles Martel, successfully defeated which of the following near Poitiers in 732?


A) the Visigoths
B) the Burgundians
C) the Muslims
D) the Byzantines
E) the Merovingians

F) All of the above
G) D) and E)

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In 597, who did Pope Gregory the Great send to England to convert the Anglo-Saxons?


A) Anthony
B) Leo
C) Constantius
D) Augustine
E) Ambrose

F) C) and D)
G) All of the above

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Augustine's Confessions was written as


A) a response to pagan philosophers' attacks on Christianity.
B) a warning to unbelievers that damnation awaited the unbaptized.
C) an epic poem to rival the works of the greatest pagan poets.
D) an account of his own miraculous personal conversion.
E) a tool to convert the German barbarians.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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The Germans believed that the ordeal


A) could reveal the truth by showing which party God favored in a dispute.
B) would purify the spirit and bring one closer to God.
C) caused eternal damnation because its practice was classified as a heresy.
D) should be a spiritual rather than physical trial.
E) was the best means to deter crime.

F) C) and D)
G) A) and C)

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Constantine's most enduring reform came in the creation of


A) a new system of Roman law.
B) the "New Rome."
C) wage and price controls.
D) the coloni.
E) the Pantheon.

F) A) and E)
G) C) and D)

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The founder of the Frankish kingdom and the first royal Frankish defender of the Catholic faith was


A) Merovic.
B) Conan.
C) Hagar.
D) Clovis.
E) Charles Martel.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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The title "vicars of Christ" has traditionally been given to the


A) Bishops of Rome.
B) Archbishops of Alexandria.
C) Patriarchs of Jerusalem.
D) Archbishops of Antioch.
E) Patriarchs of Constantinople.

F) D) and E)
G) A) and D)

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By the second half of the fourth century, German tribes, known as "federates," were incorporated into the Roman army.

A) True
B) False

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Justinian's military conquests under the great general Belisarius


A) included both Spain and Gaul.
B) solved the eastern Empire's economic problems.
C) helped Italy economically.
D) were short-lived.
E) permanently returned control of the Mediterranean to the eastern Empire.

F) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

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In what ways were the teachings of Islam similar to Christianity? How were they different?

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The teachings of Islam and Christianity ...

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Which of the following is NOT a similarity between Christianity and Islam?


A) Each of the faiths had a holy book.
B) Both Muhammad and Jesus considered themselves to be divine.
C) Both religions were monotheistic.
D) Both religions had as part of their scriptures divine revelation.
E) Both religions envisioned heaven or paradise for believers.

F) A) and D)
G) C) and D)

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How did Diocletian and Constantine alter the Roman Empire? What were the long-term consequences?

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Diocletian and Constantine both made sig...

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