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The distributional error that occurs when the reviewer rates everyone near the top of a rating scale is known as _____.


A) contrast error
B) strictness
C) halo error
D) horns error
E) leniency

F) A) and B)
G) A) and E)

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Appraisal politics are likely to occur when:


A) top executives forbid distorted ratings.
B) the goals of rating are compatible with one another.
C) performance appraisal results are directly linked to developmental programs.
D) senior employees tell newcomers stories about distorted ratings.
E) performance appraisal is not directly linked to highly desirable rewards.

F) B) and C)
G) A) and B)

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In terms of measuring performance,a major advantage of rankings is that they are often linked to the organization's goals.

A) True
B) False

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The most effective way to improve performance varies according to an employee's ability.

A) True
B) False

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What is the disadvantage of results-oriented performance management?


A) It is generally more subjective than other kinds of performance measurements.
B) It has low acceptability among employees.
C) It has problems with validity.
D) It is not preferred by managers.
E) It is not easy to link to the organization's goals.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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The performance measurement method that assigns a certain percentage of employees to each category in a set of categories is called the:


A) forced-distribution method.
B) alternation ranking method.
C) paired-comparison method.
D) optional ranking method.
E) simple ranking method.

F) A) and C)
G) A) and D)

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Identify the approach to performance measurement that meets the following criteria: usually low fit with strategy,usually low validity,usually low reliability,high acceptability,and very low specificity.


A) Comparative
B) Attribute
C) Behavioral
D) Results
E) Quality

F) C) and E)
G) A) and B)

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Which of the following is true of peers as a source of performance information?


A) Peers are poor sources of information about performance in a job.
B) Peer ratings, according to research, are not influenced much by friendships.
C) Peers evaluations generally lack validity.
D) Peers are less willing participants in reviews to be used for employee development.
E) Peers are comfortable with rating employees for decisions that may affect themselves.

F) B) and D)
G) B) and E)

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What is the advantage of results-oriented performance measurement?


A) They are very effective in providing guidance on how to improve.
B) They are relatively easy to link to the organization's goals.
C) They are generally more subjective than other kinds of performance measurement.
D) They are highly acceptable to employees, but not to managers.
E) They tend to be highly valid.

F) A) and E)
G) All of the above

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What is a calibration meeting?

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Political behavior occurs in every organ...

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The paired-comparison method of measuring employee performance:


A) involves comparing each employee with each other employee to establish rankings.
B) is also known as the alternation ranking method.
C) rates everyone favorably or near the center of the scale.
D) assigns a certain percentage of employees to each category in a set of categories.
E) requires managers to rank employees in their group from the highest performer to the poorest performer.

F) D) and E)
G) A) and E)

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Organizational behavior modification (OBM)is a plan for managing the behavior of employees through an informal system of feedback and reinforcement.

A) True
B) False

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With regard to a performance measure,_____ refers to consistency of results over time.


A) validity
B) interrater reliability
C) acceptability
D) test-retest reliability
E) specificity

F) B) and D)
G) B) and E)

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How does an organization promote fairness and reduce political behavior in the appraisal system?


A) Use different performance standards to evaluate different employees.
B) Train managers to use the appraisal process.
C) Discourage employees from discussing their weaknesses.
D) Require that managers give feedback once a year during annual appraisal.
E) Encourage managers to recognize accomplishments that only employees have identified.

F) B) and D)
G) None of the above

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Generally,peers are more favorable toward participating in reviews to be used for employee development.

A) True
B) False

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Performance management is the process through which managers ensure that employees' activities and outputs contribute to the organization's goals.

A) True
B) False

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The content of a feedback should emphasize behavior,not personalities.

A) True
B) False

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In the "tell-and-sell" approach,managers tell employees their ratings and then let the employees explain their side of the story.

A) True
B) False

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The performance management method that requires managers to rate the frequency with which an employee has exhibited a behavior during a rating period is the:


A) behaviorally anchored rating scale.
B) behavioral observation scale.
C) graphic rating scale.
D) mixed-standard scale.
E) forced-distribution scale.

F) A) and B)
G) C) and E)

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_____ means effective performance management helps the organization achieve its business objectives.


A) Systematic purpose
B) Investigative purpose
C) Developmental purpose
D) Administrative purpose
E) Strategic purpose

F) B) and D)
G) A) and D)

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