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Baby Tia is crying.Her crying is characterized by the sudden appearance of loud crying without preliminary moaning,followed by breath holding.Identify this type of cry.

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Which of the following is NOT a primary emotion?


A) Joy
B) Anger
C) Fear
D) Pride

E) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

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Twenty-four-month-old Tyler is placed in front of a mirror with a spot of rouge on his nose.Tyler will most likely:


A) touch his own nose to wipe off the spot.
B) touch the spot on the mirror because he wants to wipe the spot off his own nose.
C) touch the spot on the mirror because he wonders why that other child has a spot on his nose.
D) crawl away from the mirror because he does not recognize himself with the spot on his nose.

E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

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Researchers have found that infant fear is linked to all of the following at six to seven years of age EXCEPT:


A) guilt.
B) empathy.
C) high aggression.
D) low aggression.

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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Identify a temperament classification,according to Alexander Chess and Stella Thomas that includes children who (a)are low in activity level,(b)are somewhat negative,and (c)display a low intensity of mood.

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Which of the following is a neuropeptide hormone that is important in the formation of the maternal-infant bond?


A) Vasopressin
B) Insulin
C) Adrenaline
D) Thyroxine

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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According to John Bowlby,at what age do infants or children begin to take into consideration the feelings of others before acting?


A) Before 6 months
B) Between 12 to 18 months
C) Between 18 to 20 months
D) From 24 months onwards

E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

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The infant's ability to regulate emotions is tied to:


A) the gradual maturation of the frontal regions of the cerebral cortex.
B) parental history of emotional control.
C) the pace of myelination in the parietal lobe.
D) the growth of the cerebellum in the initial four months after birth.

E) A) and C)
F) C) and D)

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Describe the three main types of insecurely attached infants.

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(a)Insecure avoidant babies exhibit inse...

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When put on the floor to play,baby Elaine cries as if she wants to be held.When her mother picks her up though,Elaine pushes away with both arms and turns her head away.Mary Ainsworth would say that Elaine is:


A) securely attached.
B) insecure avoidant.
C) insecure resistant.
D) insecure disorganized.

E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

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Tara holds her two-month-old daughter,Sonia,close to her,makes eye contact,and smiles and sings softly to her.Tara is engaging in:


A) face-to-face play.
B) parallel play.
C) joint attention.
D) imitation.

E) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

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Explain how the quality and quantity of child care affect children?

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When quality of care giving was high,chi...

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Shoko responds positively to being picked up by others,and when put back down,freely moves away to play.She would most likely be classified as being:


A) securely attached.
B) extremely inhibited.
C) difficult.
D) insecurely attached.

E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

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In North America,parents tend to prefer children with a(n) _____ temperament,whereas in China,a(n) _____ temperament is more highly valued.


A) active; inhibited
B) inhibited; active
C) inner focused; outward focused
D) outward focused; inner focused

E) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

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What is the main difference between most child-care policies available in the United States and in Sweden?


A) Level of inclusion of the father in parental leave
B) Provision of low-cost child care
C) Level of inclusion of the extended family
D) Provision of developmentally appropriate child care

E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

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According to critics,the Strange Situation might not be able to capture important differences among infants because:


A) it is a controlled,artificial situation.
B) there is too little control of contextual factors in it.
C) its information is biased by observers' impressions.
D) as a measure of attachment,it may be culturally biased.

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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The United States currently allows up to _____ weeks of _____ leave for caring for a newborn.


A) 12; unpaid
B) 14; paid
C) 18; paid
D) 18; unpaid

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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