Question 1

The first stage of the creative process is _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  divergent thinking
B)  preparation
C)  experimentation
D)  insight
E)  intuitionF) B) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 2

The rational model is based on the notion that:

Accepted Answer

A)  decision making is uncertain.
B)  decision makers do not possess complete information.
C)  it is difficult for managers to make optimal decisions.
D)  decision makers are restricted by a variety of constraints when making decisions.
E)  managers optimize when making decisions.F) A) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 3

The confirmation bias occurs when decision makers are influenced by the first information received about a decision, even if it is irrelevant.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

The rational model begins with:

Accepted Answer

A)  evaluating alternatives.
B)  identifying the opportunity.
C)  generating alternative solutions.
D)  implementing solutions.
E)  selecting solutions.F) None of the above
G) A) and D)

Question 5

Judgmental heuristics represents rules of thumb or shortcuts that people use to reduce information processing demands.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

_____ is defined as the extent to which group members feel comfortable disagreeing with other group members.

Accepted Answer

A)  Minority dissent
B)  Majority opinion
C)  Plurality opinion
D)  Majority influence
E)  Emotional intelligenceF) A) and E)
G) All of the above

Question 7

A manager of an advertising firm appointed two employees to strike an advertising deal with one of their big clients. They were chosen as they had made a similar agreement previously with another client. Which of the following biases was the manager engaging in?

Accepted Answer

A)  Representativeness heuristic
B)  Anchoring heuristic
C)  Framing bias
D)  Fundamental attribution error
E)  Self-serving biasF) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 8

If the solution is effective, it should reduce the difference between the actual and desired states that created the problem.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Marketing firms strive to ensure that people are aware of their products because people assume that if they have heard about certain products, the products will work well. Which of the following biases are the marketing firms trying to address?

Accepted Answer

A)  Creativity
B)  Availability heuristic
C)  Fundamental attribution error
D)  Representativeness heuristic
E)  Inclusion heuristicF) D) and E)
G) All of the above

Question 10

Which of the following is true about tacit knowledge?

Accepted Answer

A)  It refers to feelings that influence the intuitive process.
B)  It is automatic, involuntary, and almost effortless.
C)  It refers to information gained through experience that is difficult to express and formalize.
D)  It can easily be put into verbal words, written documents, or numerical reports and explained to others.
E)  It tends to decrease with age.F) B) and D)
G) B) and E)

Question 11

A decision-making style reflects the combination of how an individual perceives and comprehends stimuli.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

People with a directive style are action oriented and decisive and like to focus on facts.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

_____ style causes people to have a hard time saying no to others and to have difficulty making difficult decisions.

Accepted Answer

A)  Behavioral
B)  Judgment
C)  Directive
D)  Conceptual
E)  AnalyticF) All of the above
G) A) and D)

Question 14

_____ represents a process of conscientiously using the best available data and proof when making managerial decisions.

Accepted Answer

A)  Evidence-based decision making
B)  Escalation of commitment
C)  Satisficing
D)  Nonrational process
E)  Normative processF) B) and E)
G) B) and C)

Question 15

Associations generated in the incubation stage come to life in the _____ stage.

Accepted Answer

A)  incubation
B)  illumination
C)  concentration
D)  verification
E)  preparationF) B) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 16

_____ reflects the extent to which an individual focuses on either task and technical concerns or people and social concerns when making decisions.

Accepted Answer

A)  Need for control
B)  Escalation of commitment
C)  Value orientation
D)  Tolerance for ambiguity
E)  Need for structureF) A) and B)
G) None of the above

Question 17

Which of the following is a feature of people with a conceptual style?

Accepted Answer

A)  They have a low tolerance for ambiguity.
B)  They focus on the technical aspects of a work situation.
C)  They tend to overanalyze a situation.
D)  They are willing to take risks and are good at finding creative solutions to problems.
E)  They tend to be autocratic, exercise power and control, and focus on the short run.F) A) and D)
G) B) and D)

Question 18

_____ represents judgments, insights, or decisions that "come to mind on their own, without explicit awareness of the evoking cues and of course without explicit evaluation of the validity of these cues."

Accepted Answer

A)  Analytical style
B)  Logic
C)  Emotional intelligence
D)  Evidence-based decision making
E)  IntuitionF) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 19

To integrate evidence-based decision-management (EBDM) into an organization's culture, one should follow the principle of treating one's organization as a finished prototype.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

According to the garbage can model, decisions result from a complex interaction between four dependent streams of events.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 12: Individual and Group Decision Making

_____ style causes people to have a hard time saying no to others and to have difficulty making difficult decisions.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The first stage of the creative process is _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to the garbage can model, decisions result from a complex interaction between four dependent streams of events.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A decision-making style reflects the combination of how an individual perceives and comprehends stimuli.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Judgmental heuristics represents rules of thumb or shortcuts that people use to reduce information processing demands.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is true about tacit knowledge?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

_____ represents judgments, insights, or decisions that "come to mind on their own, without explicit awareness of the evoking cues and of course without explicit evaluation of the validity of these cues."

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

_____ represents a process of conscientiously using the best available data and proof when making managerial decisions.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A manager of an advertising firm appointed two employees to strike an advertising deal with one of their big clients. They were chosen as they had made a similar agreement previously with another client. Which of the following biases was the manager engaging in?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The rational model is based on the notion that:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

_____ reflects the extent to which an individual focuses on either task and technical concerns or people and social concerns when making decisions.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

People with a directive style are action oriented and decisive and like to focus on facts.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is a feature of people with a conceptual style?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Marketing firms strive to ensure that people are aware of their products because people assume that if they have heard about certain products, the products will work well. Which of the following biases are the marketing firms trying to address?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The confirmation bias occurs when decision makers are influenced by the first information received about a decision, even if it is irrelevant.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

_____ is defined as the extent to which group members feel comfortable disagreeing with other group members.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If the solution is effective, it should reduce the difference between the actual and desired states that created the problem.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The rational model begins with:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Associations generated in the incubation stage come to life in the _____ stage.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

To integrate evidence-based decision-management (EBDM) into an organization's culture, one should follow the principle of treating one's organization as a finished prototype.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified