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Reducing the number of features, qualities, or price is referred to as _________.


A) trading down
B) product paring
C) down trading
D) product deflation
E) product simplification

F) A) and C)
G) A) and B)

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Major American car manufacturers are offering buying incentives to newly graduated college students who traditionally have little or no credit.Car manufacturers are using which of the following market modification strategies?


A) finding new users
B) creating new use situations
C) increasing use by existing customers
D) modifying the product
E) reacting to competitors' positions

F) A) and D)
G) None of the above

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FIGURE 11- FIGURE 11-   -In Figure 11-9 above,  F  represents the first step in the sequential building process of brand equity which would be to _________. A) create a consumer-brand connection B) develop positive brand awareness C) reward loyal customer behavior D) establish a brand's meaning in the minds of consumers E) elicit the proper consumer responses to a brands identity and meaning -In Figure 11-9 above, "F" represents the first step in the sequential building process of brand equity which would be to _________.


A) create a consumer-brand connection
B) develop positive brand awareness
C) reward loyal customer behavior
D) establish a brand's meaning in the minds of consumers
E) elicit the proper consumer responses to a brands identity and meaning

F) B) and E)
G) A) and E)

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FIGURE 11-1 FIGURE 11-1   -The stage in the product life cycle labeled  B  in Figure 11-1 above is called A) introduction B) maturity C) growth D) diversification E) decline -The stage in the product life cycle labeled "B" in Figure 11-1 above is called


A) introduction
B) maturity
C) growth
D) diversification
E) decline

F) B) and C)
G) C) and E)

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Snickers candy bar was repositioned from a candy bar to a snack food through commercials that showed busy people satisfying their hunger with a Snickers bar.Mars, Inc.used this strategy with its Snickers bar to


A) react to a competitor's position.
B) reach a new market.
C) catch a rising trend.
D) change the value offered.
E) implement a global strategy.

F) A) and B)
G) B) and D)

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Old Spice antiperspirant was repositioned from a deodorant your grandfather might use to a strong, hip antiperspirant through commercials that showed the target market of 18 to 30 year old men advocating its use and through a money-back guarantee.P & G used this strategy with its Old Spice brand antiperspirant to


A) react to a competitor's position.
B) reach a new market.
C) catch a rising trend.
D) change the value offered.
E) diversify its product offering.

F) A) and E)
G) C) and D)

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During the introduction stage of the product life cycle, the strategy that discourages competitive entry by charging a low price is referred to as


A) penetration pricing.
B) cost-plus pricing.
C) ROI pricing.
D) market-oriented pricing.
E) skimming pricing.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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When Gatorade introduced Gatorade AM as a morning beverage when you didn't want coffee, it was using


A) product modification.
B) brand modification.
C) market modification.
D) market-product extension.
E) diversification.

F) C) and D)
G) A) and D)

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FIGURE 11-6 FIGURE 11-6   -The consumers represented by  E  in Figure 11-6 above are called _________. A) innovators B) late majority C) early majority D) early adopters E) laggards -The consumers represented by "E" in Figure 11-6 above are called _________.


A) innovators
B) late majority
C) early majority
D) early adopters
E) laggards

F) A) and E)
G) A) and C)

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In what stage of the product life cycle is it important to gain as much distribution of the product?


A) introduction
B) growth
C) maturity
D) decline
E) harvest

F) A) and C)
G) C) and D)

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Compare the three ways to manage a product through its product life cycle.

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The three ways to manage a product throu...

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Adding value to the (or line) through additional features or higher-quality materials, is referred to as _________.


A) trading up
B) revaluation
C) product inflation
D) upscale marketing
E) quality allowance

F) A) and D)
G) A) and E)

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FIGURE 11-5 FIGURE 11-5   -The product life cycle (PLC)  shown in  D  in Figure 11-5 above is an example of a __________ PLC. A) high-learning product B) low-learning product C) fashion product D) fad product E) introductory -The product life cycle (PLC) shown in "D" in Figure 11-5 above is an example of a __________ PLC.


A) high-learning product
B) low-learning product
C) fashion product
D) fad product
E) introductory

F) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

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Packages that allowed normally perishable products to be stored without refrigeration offered


A) consumer protection and safety, an element of perceptual benefits.
B) improvement of product quality, an aspect of functional benefits.
C) clear instructions, an aspect of communication benefits.
D) a sense of security, an aspect of perceptual benefits.
E) adaptability, an aspect of technological benefits.

F) C) and E)
G) B) and E)

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The shapes of the product life cycle for high-learning, low-learning, fashion, and fad products vary as does __________.


A) the actual length of time a given product stays in any given stage of the cycle
B) the individual criteria selected to place a firm in a stage of the life cycle
C) the importance of the marketing mix elements
D) the importance of environmental forces
E) the importance of new product innovation

F) A) and E)
G) B) and E)

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Setting prices during different times of the day or days of the week to reflect variations in demand is called


A) idle production pricing.
B) customer contact pricing.
C) differential value pricing.
D) off-peak pricing.
E) capacity pricing.

F) All of the above
G) B) and D)

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Nonprofit services cannot control who sees a public service announcement or when the message is given because


A) PSAs tie up too large a percentage of the service's advertising budget.
B) PSAs are traditionally boring and not well designed.
C) the timing and location of PSAs are under the control of the medium, not the organization.
D) PSAs have a very limited reach or scope.
E) PSAs are a form of two-way communication.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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Products that are introduced, decline, and seem to return are characteristic of the __________ type of product life cycle.


A) high-learning
B) low-learning
C) fashion
D) fad
E) primary

F) C) and D)
G) C) and E)

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A few years ago Who Wants to Be a Millionaire premiered as the first nighttime game show in several decades.The marketing for the show was intent on making television viewers aware of its existence and excited enough about the show that they would watch the first episode.Based on this description, in which stage of the product life cycle would this show be?


A) introduction
B) growth
C) maturity
D) decline
E) harvest

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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As more competitors launch their own products and the product progresses along its life cycle, company attention is focused on creating _________ demand, or the preference for a specific brand.


A) selective
B) primary
C) derived
D) generic
E) secondary

F) B) and E)
G) A) and B)

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