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The radioisotope potassium-40 decays to argon-40 by positron emission with a half-life of 1.3 × 109 yr.A sample of moon rock was found to contain 78 argon-40 atoms for every 22 potassium-40 atoms.The age of the rock is


A) 8.1 × 10-10 yr
B) 2.4 × 109 yr
C) 2.8 × 109 yr
D) 4.6 × 109 yr
E) 6.8 × 109 yr

F) A) and E)
G) B) and D)

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How many 14C atoms are in a charcoal sample that has a decay rate of 3,500 disintegrations per min? (For 14C, t1/2 = 5,730 yr.)


A) 2.9 × 107 atoms
B) 8.0 × 10-7 atoms
C) 1.4 × 1014 atoms
D) 1.5 × 1013 atoms
E) 6.02 × 1020 atoms

F) B) and E)
G) A) and D)

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Define free radicals.

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molecular fragments ...

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Radioactive nitrogen-13 has a half-life of 10 minutes.After 40 minutes, how much of this isotope would remain in a sample that originally contained 96 mg?

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The isotope with the greatest nuclear binding energy per nucleon is


A) The isotope with the greatest nuclear binding energy per nucleon is A) H B) He C) C D) Fe E) U H
B) The isotope with the greatest nuclear binding energy per nucleon is A) H B) He C) C D) Fe E) U He
C) The isotope with the greatest nuclear binding energy per nucleon is A) H B) He C) C D) Fe E) U C
D) The isotope with the greatest nuclear binding energy per nucleon is A) H B) He C) C D) Fe E) U Fe
E) The isotope with the greatest nuclear binding energy per nucleon is A) H B) He C) C D) Fe E) U U

F) A) and E)
G) B) and E)

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Determine how much energy is released when thorium-230 decays according to Determine how much energy is released when thorium-230 decays according to <sup> </sup> .[Atomic masses: thorium-230 = 230.033127 amu; helium-4 = 4.002603 amu; radium-226 = 226.025403 amu] A) 3.98 × 10<sup>9</sup> kJ/mol B) 4.60 × 10<sup>8</sup> kJ/mol C) 7.20 × 10<sup>11</sup> kJ/mol D) 4.90 × 10<sup>9</sup> kJ/mol E) 7.15 × 10<sup>11</sup> kJ/mol .[Atomic masses: thorium-230 = 230.033127 amu; helium-4 = 4.002603 amu; radium-226 = 226.025403 amu]


A) 3.98 × 109 kJ/mol
B) 4.60 × 108 kJ/mol
C) 7.20 × 1011 kJ/mol
D) 4.90 × 109 kJ/mol
E) 7.15 × 1011 kJ/mol

F) D) and E)
G) None of the above

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When a 87Br nucleus emits a beta particle, the nuclear species that results is ___________.

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Cobalt-60 is a beta emitter with a half-life of 5.3 years.Approximately what fraction of the cobalt-60 atoms in a particular sample will remain after 32 years?


A) 1/6
B) 1/8
C) 1/16
D) 1/32
E) 1/64

F) B) and E)
G) C) and E)

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The following nuclear equation is correctly balanced. The following nuclear equation is correctly balanced.

A) True
B) False

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What type of nuclear process is illustrated below? What type of nuclear process is illustrated below?

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Which of the following is an example of a free radical?


A) H3O+
B) H2O2
C) HO2-
D) HO2·
E) H2O

F) None of the above
G) C) and D)

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Complete and balance the nuclear equation Complete and balance the nuclear equation

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Predict the other product of the following nuclear transformation. Predict the other product of the following nuclear transformation. Li + n ____ + He A) He B) H C) H D) \beta E) H Li + Predict the other product of the following nuclear transformation. Li + n ____ + He A) He B) H C) H D) \beta E) H n Predict the other product of the following nuclear transformation. Li + n ____ + He A) He B) H C) H D) \beta E) H ____ + Predict the other product of the following nuclear transformation. Li + n ____ + He A) He B) H C) H D) \beta E) H He


A) Predict the other product of the following nuclear transformation. Li + n ____ + He A) He B) H C) H D) \beta E) H He
B) Predict the other product of the following nuclear transformation. Li + n ____ + He A) He B) H C) H D) \beta E) H H
C) Predict the other product of the following nuclear transformation. Li + n ____ + He A) He B) H C) H D) \beta E) H H
D) Predict the other product of the following nuclear transformation. Li + n ____ + He A) He B) H C) H D) \beta E) H β\beta
E) Predict the other product of the following nuclear transformation. Li + n ____ + He A) He B) H C) H D) \beta E) H H

F) A) and E)
G) None of the above

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