Question 1

Which organisms form lichens?

Accepted Answer

A)   archaea and algae
B)   archaea and fungi
C)   cyanobacteria and algae
D)   cyanobacteria and fungi
E)   cyanobacteria and archaeaF) B) and C)
G) A) and E)

Question 2

If oxygen had been present in the original primitive atmosphere,

Accepted Answer

A)   organic molecules would be prevented from joining together.
B)   microspheres could have formed.
C)   aerobic cellular respiration would occur.
D)   protocells would be able to form.
E)   organisms could have carried out cellular respiration.F) B) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 3

Which type of prokaryotes are able to live in the most extreme environments?

Accepted Answer

A)   cyanobacteria
B)   anaerobic bacteria
C)   archaea
D)   heterotrophic
E)   aerobic bacteriaF) B) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 4

The life cycle stage of an animal virus during which a capsid forms around copies of the viral RNA genome is

Accepted Answer

A)   budding.
B)   attachment.
C)   biosynthesis.
D)   uncoating.
E)   assembly.F) B) and D)
G) All of the above

Question 5

Which statement is NOT true about a retrovirus?

Accepted Answer

A)   It contains a DNA genome.
B)   It contains the enzyme reverse transcriptase.
C)   It is able to carry out transcription of RNA to DNA.
D)   Viral DNA remains in the host genome.
E)   Can be hidden from the host immune system.F) A) and D)
G) C) and D)

Question 6

Which of the following forms of energy is NOT one of those thought to have been involved in the production of large organic molecules in the primitive reducing atmosphere?

Accepted Answer

A)   radioactivity
B)   electrical energy
C)   heat
D)   radiation from the sun
E)   soundF) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 7

Which of these is a correct description of a form of genetic recombination in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A)   Crossing-over occurs between paired chromosomes in meiosis.
B)   Conjugation occurs when a cell passes DNA to another cell by means of a sex pilus.
C)   Transformation occurs when a bacteriophage carries a bit of DNA from a previous host cell to a new host cell.
D)   Transduction occurs when a live bacterium picks up DNA from dead bacteria that have shed it into the environment of the living cell.
E)   Binary fission occurs when two bacteria cells exchange genetic information.F) A) and B)
G) B) and E)

Question 8

Which theory would suggest that both polypeptides and RNA arose at the same time.

Accepted Answer

A)   Aleksandr Oparin's coacervate theory.
B)   Stanley Miller's chemical soup theory.
C)   Sidney Fox's protein first hypothesis.
D)   Alexander Cairns-Smith's simultaneous evolution of polypeptides and RNA.
E)   Darwin's original theory of evolution as written in Origin of Species.F) C) and E)
G) B) and D)

Question 9

Naked strands of RNA not covered by a capsid are

Accepted Answer

A)   archaea.
B)   retroviruses.
C)   viroids.
D)   prions.
E)   viruses.F) D) and E)
G) A) and C)

Question 10

Which of the following is the correct order,from simple to complex,showing the origin of life?

Accepted Answer

A)   proteins  →\rarr→ CH4 and NH3  →\rarr→  amino acids  →\rarr→  C, H, O, N
B)   C, H, O, N  →\rarr→  CH4 and NH3  →\rarr→  amino acid  →\rarr→  proteins
C)   C, H, O, N  →\rarr→  amino acids  →\rarr→  proteins  →\rarr→  CH4 and NH3
D)   amino acids  →\rarr→  proteins  →\rarr→  C, H, O, N  →\rarr→  CH4 and NH3
E)   CH4 and NH3  →\rarr→  proteins  →\rarr→  C, H, O, N  →\rarr→  amino acids F) All of the above
G) A) and B)

Question 11

Which relationship is NOT correct?

Accepted Answer

A)   halobacteria-high salt concentration
B)   thermoacidophiles-cold Antarctic ice
C)   methanogens-swamps and marshes
D)   cyanobacteria-photosynthesis
E)   methanogens-biogas and greenhouse warmingF) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

Question 12

Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) or "mad cow disease" is caused by a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)   archeon.
B)   bacterium.
C)   cyanobacterium.
D)   prion.
E)   virus.F) A) and E)
G) A) and C)

Question 13

The plasma membrane of Archaea is composed of a phospholipid bilayer.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Which type of organism will form endospores when faced with unfavorable environmental conditions?

Accepted Answer

A)   viruses
B)   bacteria
C)   algae
D)   protozoans
E)   fungiF) A) and B)
G) C) and E)

Question 15

A new classification by domains separates traditional bacteria into

Accepted Answer

A)   Archaea and Cyanobacteria.
B)   Bacteria and Cyanobacteria.
C)   photosynthetic bacteria and chemosynthetic bacteria.
D)   Archaea and Bacteria.
E)   autotrophs and heterotrophs.F) None of the above
G) A) and B)

Question 16

Bacteria can be beneficial in all but which of the following ways?

Accepted Answer

A)   They can be used to clean up oil spill in a process called bioremediation.
B)   They can be used in industry to generate products particularly in food processing.
C)   They are present on the skin and help crowd out harmful bacteria.
D)   They are the primary producers of most ecosystems.
E)   They function in waste water purification to remove both organic and inorganic substances.F) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 17

The synthesis of DNA or RNA from the organic soup would have been guided by the actions of enzymes in the

Accepted Answer

A)   protein-first hypothesis.
B)   RNA-first hypothesis.
C)   clay-catalyst hypothesis.
D)   chloroplast.
E)   DNA-first hypothesis.F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 18

Which type of sexual exchange occurs among bacteria in which DNA is carried into a bacterial cell by means of a bacteriophage?

Accepted Answer

A)   binary fission
B)   conjugation
C)   transformation
D)   transduction
E)   buddingF) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 19

The fact that a nucleic acid is a very complicated molecule suggests that

Accepted Answer

A)   the RNA-first hypothesis is impossible.
B)   the protein-first hypothesis is therefore the only plausible hypothesis.
C)   sophisticated enzymes were not present or available to synthesize it.
D)   no natural system could ever generate them.
E)   RNA could not have arisen on its own by chance, but required enzymes to guide the synthesis of nucleotides and nucleic acids.F) C) and D)
G) B) and D)

Question 20

According to Fox's laboratory experiments,the protocell could have been composed

Accepted Answer

A)   only of carbohydrates.
B)   mostly of polypeptides.
C)   of phospholipids.
D)   of chitinous threads.
E)   of protein and RNA.F) A) and B)
G) D) and E)

Exam 28: Microbiology

Which type of prokaryotes are able to live in the most extreme environments?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The life cycle stage of an animal virus during which a capsid forms around copies of the viral RNA genome is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is the correct order,from simple to complex,showing the origin of life?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Bacteria can be beneficial in all but which of the following ways?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Naked strands of RNA not covered by a capsid are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which type of organism will form endospores when faced with unfavorable environmental conditions?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The plasma membrane of Archaea is composed of a phospholipid bilayer.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) or "mad cow disease" is caused by a(n)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The fact that a nucleic acid is a very complicated molecule suggests that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A new classification by domains separates traditional bacteria into

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The synthesis of DNA or RNA from the organic soup would have been guided by the actions of enzymes in the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of these is a correct description of a form of genetic recombination in bacteria?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which organisms form lichens?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following forms of energy is NOT one of those thought to have been involved in the production of large organic molecules in the primitive reducing atmosphere?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which theory would suggest that both polypeptides and RNA arose at the same time.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which relationship is NOT correct?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which type of sexual exchange occurs among bacteria in which DNA is carried into a bacterial cell by means of a bacteriophage?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Fox's laboratory experiments,the protocell could have been composed

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If oxygen had been present in the original primitive atmosphere,

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which statement is NOT true about a retrovirus?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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