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Consider the following gas-phase equilibrium reaction: N2(g) + O2(g) Consider the following gas-phase equilibrium reaction: N<sub>2</sub>(g) + O<sub>2</sub>(g)   2NO(g) K<sub>c</sub> = 4.10 × 10<sup>-4</sup> at 2000°C If 1.0 mol of NO is introduced into a 1.0 L container at 2000°C, what is the concentration of NO when equilibrium is reached? 2NO(g) Kc = 4.10 × 10-4 at 2000°C If 1.0 mol of NO is introduced into a 1.0 L container at 2000°C, what is the concentration of NO when equilibrium is reached?

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[NO] = 1.0...

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Write the mass-action expression, Qc, for the following chemical reaction. NO(g) + Write the mass-action expression, Q<sub>c</sub>, for the following chemical reaction. NO(g)  +   Br<sub>2</sub>(g)    NOBr(g)  A)    B)    C)    D)    E)   Br2(g) Write the mass-action expression, Q<sub>c</sub>, for the following chemical reaction. NO(g)  +   Br<sub>2</sub>(g)    NOBr(g)  A)    B)    C)    D)    E)   NOBr(g)


A) Write the mass-action expression, Q<sub>c</sub>, for the following chemical reaction. NO(g)  +   Br<sub>2</sub>(g)    NOBr(g)  A)    B)    C)    D)    E)
B) Write the mass-action expression, Q<sub>c</sub>, for the following chemical reaction. NO(g)  +   Br<sub>2</sub>(g)    NOBr(g)  A)    B)    C)    D)    E)
C) Write the mass-action expression, Q<sub>c</sub>, for the following chemical reaction. NO(g)  +   Br<sub>2</sub>(g)    NOBr(g)  A)    B)    C)    D)    E)
D) Write the mass-action expression, Q<sub>c</sub>, for the following chemical reaction. NO(g)  +   Br<sub>2</sub>(g)    NOBr(g)  A)    B)    C)    D)    E)
E) Write the mass-action expression, Q<sub>c</sub>, for the following chemical reaction. NO(g)  +   Br<sub>2</sub>(g)    NOBr(g)  A)    B)    C)    D)    E)

F) A) and E)
G) B) and C)

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A mixture 0.500 mole of carbon monoxide and 0.400 mole of bromine was placed into a rigid 1.00-L container and the system was allowed to come to equilibrium. The equilibrium concentration of COBr2 was 0.233 M. What is the value of Kc for this reaction? CO(g) + Br2(g) A mixture 0.500 mole of carbon monoxide and 0.400 mole of bromine was placed into a rigid 1.00-L container and the system was allowed to come to equilibrium. The equilibrium concentration of COBr<sub>2 </sub>was 0.233 M. What is the value of K<sub>c</sub> for this reaction? CO(g)  + Br<sub>2</sub>(g)    COBr<sub>2</sub>(g)  A)  5.23 B)  1.22 C)  1.165 D)  0.858 E)  0.191 COBr2(g)


A) 5.23
B) 1.22
C) 1.165
D) 0.858
E) 0.191

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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Nitrogen dioxide decomposes according to the reaction 2NO2(g) Nitrogen dioxide decomposes according to the reaction 2NO<sub>2</sub>(g)    2NO(g)  + O<sub>2</sub>(g)  Where K<sub>p</sub> = 4.48 × 10<sup>-13</sup> at 25°C. What is the value for K<sub>c</sub>? A)  1.81 × 10<sup>-16</sup> B)  1.83 × 10<sup>-14</sup> C)  4.48 × 10<sup>-13</sup> D)  1.10 × 10<sup>-11</sup> E)  1.11 × 10<sup>-9</sup> 2NO(g) + O2(g) Where Kp = 4.48 × 10-13 at 25°C. What is the value for Kc?


A) 1.81 × 10-16
B) 1.83 × 10-14
C) 4.48 × 10-13
D) 1.10 × 10-11
E) 1.11 × 10-9

F) D) and E)
G) C) and E)

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Consider the equilibrium reaction shown below. B2(g) Consider the equilibrium reaction shown below. B<sub>2</sub>(g)    <sub> </sub> 2B(g)  If the rate constants are: k<sub>fwd</sub> = 7.00 × 10<sup>-5</sup> s<sup>-1</sup> and k<sub>rev</sub> = 2.00 × 10<sup>-5</sup> L mol<sup>-1</sup> s<sup>-1</sup>, what is the value of K<sub>c</sub> under these conditions? A)  1.75 × 10<sup>5</sup> B)  3.50 C)  0.286 D)  5.71 × 10<sup>-6</sup> E)  1.40 × 10<sup>-10</sup> 2B(g) If the rate constants are: kfwd = 7.00 × 10-5 s-1 and krev = 2.00 × 10-5 L mol-1 s-1, what is the value of Kc under these conditions?


A) 1.75 × 105
B) 3.50
C) 0.286
D) 5.71 × 10-6
E) 1.40 × 10-10

F) None of the above
G) A) and D)

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The equilibrium constant, Kp , for the reaction CO(g) + H2O(g) The equilibrium constant, K<sub>p </sub>, for the reaction CO(g)  + H<sub>2</sub>O(g)    CO<sub>2</sub>(g)  + H<sub>2</sub>(g)  At 986°C is 0.63. A rigid cylinder at that temperature contains 1.2 atm of carbon monoxide, 0.20 atm of water vapor, 0.30 atm of carbon dioxide, and 0.27 atm of hydrogen. Is the system at equilibrium? A)  Yes. B)  No, the forward reaction must proceed to establish equilibrium. C)  No, the reverse reaction must proceed to establish equilibrium. D)  Need to know the volume of the container before deciding. E)  Need to know the starting concentrations of all substances before deciding. CO2(g) + H2(g) At 986°C is 0.63. A rigid cylinder at that temperature contains 1.2 atm of carbon monoxide, 0.20 atm of water vapor, 0.30 atm of carbon dioxide, and 0.27 atm of hydrogen. Is the system at equilibrium?


A) Yes.
B) No, the forward reaction must proceed to establish equilibrium.
C) No, the reverse reaction must proceed to establish equilibrium.
D) Need to know the volume of the container before deciding.
E) Need to know the starting concentrations of all substances before deciding.

F) B) and D)
G) None of the above

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Hydrogen sulfide will react with water as shown in the following reactions. H2S(g) + H2O(l) Hydrogen sulfide will react with water as shown in the following reactions. H<sub>2</sub>S(g)  + H<sub>2</sub>O(l)    H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup>(aq)  + HS<sup>-</sup>(aq)  K<sub>1 </sub>= 1.0 × 10<sup>-7</sup> HS<sup>-</sup>(aq)  + H<sub>2</sub>O(l)    H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup>(aq)  + S<sup>2-</sup>(aq)  K<sub>2 </sub>= ? H<sub>2</sub>S(g)  + 2H<sub>2</sub>O(l)    2H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup>(aq)  + S<sup>2-</sup>(aq)  K<sub>3 </sub>= 1.3 × 10<sup>-20</sup> What is the value of K<sub>2</sub>? A)  1.3 × 10<sup>-27</sup> B)  2.3 × 10<sup>-7</sup> C)  1.3 × 10<sup>-13</sup> D)  7.7 × 10<sup>12</sup> E)  7.7 × 10<sup>26</sup> H3O+(aq) + HS-(aq) K1 = 1.0 × 10-7 HS-(aq) + H2O(l) Hydrogen sulfide will react with water as shown in the following reactions. H<sub>2</sub>S(g)  + H<sub>2</sub>O(l)    H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup>(aq)  + HS<sup>-</sup>(aq)  K<sub>1 </sub>= 1.0 × 10<sup>-7</sup> HS<sup>-</sup>(aq)  + H<sub>2</sub>O(l)    H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup>(aq)  + S<sup>2-</sup>(aq)  K<sub>2 </sub>= ? H<sub>2</sub>S(g)  + 2H<sub>2</sub>O(l)    2H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup>(aq)  + S<sup>2-</sup>(aq)  K<sub>3 </sub>= 1.3 × 10<sup>-20</sup> What is the value of K<sub>2</sub>? A)  1.3 × 10<sup>-27</sup> B)  2.3 × 10<sup>-7</sup> C)  1.3 × 10<sup>-13</sup> D)  7.7 × 10<sup>12</sup> E)  7.7 × 10<sup>26</sup> H3O+(aq) + S2-(aq) K2 = ? H2S(g) + 2H2O(l) Hydrogen sulfide will react with water as shown in the following reactions. H<sub>2</sub>S(g)  + H<sub>2</sub>O(l)    H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup>(aq)  + HS<sup>-</sup>(aq)  K<sub>1 </sub>= 1.0 × 10<sup>-7</sup> HS<sup>-</sup>(aq)  + H<sub>2</sub>O(l)    H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup>(aq)  + S<sup>2-</sup>(aq)  K<sub>2 </sub>= ? H<sub>2</sub>S(g)  + 2H<sub>2</sub>O(l)    2H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup>(aq)  + S<sup>2-</sup>(aq)  K<sub>3 </sub>= 1.3 × 10<sup>-20</sup> What is the value of K<sub>2</sub>? A)  1.3 × 10<sup>-27</sup> B)  2.3 × 10<sup>-7</sup> C)  1.3 × 10<sup>-13</sup> D)  7.7 × 10<sup>12</sup> E)  7.7 × 10<sup>26</sup> 2H3O+(aq) + S2-(aq) K3 = 1.3 × 10-20 What is the value of K2?


A) 1.3 × 10-27
B) 2.3 × 10-7
C) 1.3 × 10-13
D) 7.7 × 1012
E) 7.7 × 1026

F) None of the above
G) C) and D)

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Consider the equilibrium reaction: N2O4(g) Consider the equilibrium reaction: N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>(g)    2NO<sub>2</sub>(g)  Which of the following correctly describes the relationship between K<sub>c</sub> and K<sub>p</sub> for the reaction? A)  K<sub>p</sub> = K<sub>c</sub> B)  K<sub>p</sub> = RT × K<sub>c</sub> C)  K<sub>p</sub> = (RT × K<sub>c</sub>) <sup>-1</sup> D)  K<sub>p</sub> = K<sub>c</sub> /RT E)  K<sub>p</sub> = RT/K<sub>c</sub> 2NO2(g) Which of the following correctly describes the relationship between Kc and Kp for the reaction?


A) Kp = Kc
B) Kp = RT × Kc
C) Kp = (RT × Kc) -1
D) Kp = Kc /RT
E) Kp = RT/Kc

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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Compounds A, B, and C react according to the following equation. 3A(g) + 2B(g) Compounds A, B, and C react according to the following equation. 3A(g)  + 2B(g)    2C(g)  At 100°C a mixture of these gases at equilibrium showed that [A] = 0.855 M, [B] = 1.23 M, and [C] = 1.75 M. What is the value of K<sub>c</sub> for this reaction? A)  0.309 B)  0.601 C)  1.66 D)  3.24 E)  > 10 2C(g) At 100°C a mixture of these gases at equilibrium showed that [A] = 0.855 M, [B] = 1.23 M, and [C] = 1.75 M. What is the value of Kc for this reaction?


A) 0.309
B) 0.601
C) 1.66
D) 3.24
E) > 10

F) All of the above
G) None of the above

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For a gas-phase equilibrium, a change in the pressure of any single reactant or product will change Kp.

A) True
B) False

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The following reaction is at equilibrium at one atmosphere, in a closed container. NaOH(s) + CO2(g) The following reaction is at equilibrium at one atmosphere, in a closed container. NaOH(s)  + CO<sub>2</sub>(g)    NaHCO<sub>3</sub>(s)  Which, if any, of the following actions will decrease the total amount of CO<sub>2</sub> gas present at equilibrium? A)  adding N<sub>2</sub> gas to double the pressure B)  adding more solid NaOH C)  decreasing the volume of the container D)  removing half of the solid NaHCO<sub>3</sub> E)  none of the above NaHCO3(s) Which, if any, of the following actions will decrease the total amount of CO2 gas present at equilibrium?


A) adding N2 gas to double the pressure
B) adding more solid NaOH
C) decreasing the volume of the container
D) removing half of the solid NaHCO3
E) none of the above

F) B) and E)
G) All of the above

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Magnesium hydroxide is used in several antacid formulations. When it is added to water it dissociates into magnesium and hydroxide ions. Mg(OH) 2(s) Magnesium hydroxide is used in several antacid formulations. When it is added to water it dissociates into magnesium and hydroxide ions. Mg(OH) <sub>2</sub>(s)    Mg<sup>2+</sup>(aq)  + 2OH<sup>-</sup>(aq)  The equilibrium constant at 25°C is 8.9 × 10<sup>-12</sup>. One hundred grams of magnesium hydroxide is added to 1.00 L of water and equilibrium is established. What happens to the solution if another 10 grams of Mg(OH) <sub>2 </sub>are now added to the mixture? A)  The hydroxide ion concentration will decrease. B)  The hydroxide ion concentration will increase. C)  The hydroxide ion concentration will be unchanged. D)  The solution will become supersaturated. E)  None of the above conclusions is justified without additional information. Mg2+(aq) + 2OH-(aq) The equilibrium constant at 25°C is 8.9 × 10-12. One hundred grams of magnesium hydroxide is added to 1.00 L of water and equilibrium is established. What happens to the solution if another 10 grams of Mg(OH) 2 are now added to the mixture?


A) The hydroxide ion concentration will decrease.
B) The hydroxide ion concentration will increase.
C) The hydroxide ion concentration will be unchanged.
D) The solution will become supersaturated.
E) None of the above conclusions is justified without additional information.

F) B) and C)
G) C) and E)

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The equilibrium constant Kc for the reaction A(g) + B(g) The equilibrium constant K<sub>c</sub> for the reaction A(g)  + B(g)    C(g)  Is 0.76 at 150°C. If 0.800 mol of A is added to 0.600 mol of B in a 1.00-L container at 150°C, what will be the equilibrium concentration of C? A)  0.19 M B)  0.29 M C)  0.36 M D)  0.41 M E)  0.51 M C(g) Is 0.76 at 150°C. If 0.800 mol of A is added to 0.600 mol of B in a 1.00-L container at 150°C, what will be the equilibrium concentration of C?


A) 0.19 M
B) 0.29 M
C) 0.36 M
D) 0.41 M
E) 0.51 M

F) A) and B)
G) B) and E)

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A chemical reaction has an equilibrium constant of 2 × 106. If this reaction is at equilibrium, select the one correct conclusion that can be made about the reaction.


A) The forward and back reactions have stopped.
B) The limiting reactant has been used up.
C) The forward and reverse rate constants are equal.
D) The forward and reverse reaction rates are equal.
E) None of the above conclusions is correct.

F) C) and E)
G) A) and D)

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Nitrogen dioxide can dissociate to nitric oxide and oxygen. 2NO2(g) Nitrogen dioxide can dissociate to nitric oxide and oxygen. 2NO<sub>2</sub>(g)    2NO(g)  + O<sub>2</sub>(g)  <font face= symbol ></font>H°<sub>rxn</sub> = +114 kJ Under which reaction conditions would you expect to produce the largest amount of oxygen? A)  high temperature, high pressure B)  low temperature, high pressure C)  high temperature, low pressure D)  low temperature, low pressure E)  none of the above, unless a catalyst is present 2NO(g) + O2(g) rxn = +114 kJ Under which reaction conditions would you expect to produce the largest amount of oxygen?


A) high temperature, high pressure
B) low temperature, high pressure
C) high temperature, low pressure
D) low temperature, low pressure
E) none of the above, unless a catalyst is present

F) B) and C)
G) A) and E)

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At a certain temperature the reaction CO2(g) + H2(g) At a certain temperature the reaction CO<sub>2</sub>(g)  + H<sub>2</sub>(g)    CO(g)  + H<sub>2</sub>O(g)  Has K<sub>c</sub> = 2.50. If 2.00 mol of carbon dioxide and 1.5 mol of hydrogen are placed in a 5.00 L vessel and equilibrium is established, what will be the concentration of carbon monoxide? A)  0.091 M B)  0.191 M C)  0.209 M D)  0.913 M E)  1.05 M CO(g) + H2O(g) Has Kc = 2.50. If 2.00 mol of carbon dioxide and 1.5 mol of hydrogen are placed in a 5.00 L vessel and equilibrium is established, what will be the concentration of carbon monoxide?


A) 0.091 M
B) 0.191 M
C) 0.209 M
D) 0.913 M
E) 1.05 M

F) B) and E)
G) All of the above

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Hydrogen sulfide can be formed in the following reaction: H2(g) + Hydrogen sulfide can be formed in the following reaction: H<sub>2</sub>(g)  +   S<sub>2</sub>(g)    H<sub>2</sub>S(g)  <font face= symbol ></font>H°<sub>rxn</sub> = -92 kJ The equilibrium constant K<sub>p</sub> = 106 at 1023 K. Estimate the value of K<sub>p</sub> at 1218 K. A)  5.05 B)  18.8 C)  34.7 D)  88.9 E)  598 S2(g) Hydrogen sulfide can be formed in the following reaction: H<sub>2</sub>(g)  +   S<sub>2</sub>(g)    H<sub>2</sub>S(g)  <font face= symbol ></font>H°<sub>rxn</sub> = -92 kJ The equilibrium constant K<sub>p</sub> = 106 at 1023 K. Estimate the value of K<sub>p</sub> at 1218 K. A)  5.05 B)  18.8 C)  34.7 D)  88.9 E)  598 H2S(g) rxn = -92 kJ The equilibrium constant Kp = 106 at 1023 K. Estimate the value of Kp at 1218 K.


A) 5.05
B) 18.8
C) 34.7
D) 88.9
E) 598

F) B) and D)
G) A) and C)

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Changing the amount of a solid reactant or product in an equilibrium reaction will not affect the amounts of the other reactants and products present at equilibrium.

A) True
B) False

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The reaction quotient, Qc, for a reaction has a value of 75 while the equilibrium constant, Kc, has a value of 195. Which of the following statements is accurate?


A) The reaction must proceed to the left to establish equilibrium.
B) The reaction must proceed to the right to establish equilibrium.
C) The concentrations of the products will be much smaller than the concentrations of the reactants when the system is at equilibrium.
D) The concentrations of the products will be about the same as the concentrations of the reactants when the system is at equilibrium.
E) None of the above statements is accurate.

F) B) and D)
G) C) and D)

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The equilibrium constant for the reaction of bromine with chlorine to form bromine monochloride is 58.0 at a certain temperature. Br2(g) + Cl2(g) The equilibrium constant for the reaction of bromine with chlorine to form bromine monochloride is 58.0 at a certain temperature. Br<sub>2</sub>(g)  + Cl<sub>2</sub>(g)    2BrCl(g)  What is the equilibrium constant for the following reaction? BrCl(g)      Br<sub>2</sub>(g)  +   Cl<sub>2</sub>(g)  A)  2.97 × 10<sup>-4</sup> B)  1.72 × 10<sup>-2</sup> C)  3.45 × 10<sup>-2</sup> D)  1.31 × 10<sup>-1</sup> E)  > 1.00 2BrCl(g) What is the equilibrium constant for the following reaction? BrCl(g) The equilibrium constant for the reaction of bromine with chlorine to form bromine monochloride is 58.0 at a certain temperature. Br<sub>2</sub>(g)  + Cl<sub>2</sub>(g)    2BrCl(g)  What is the equilibrium constant for the following reaction? BrCl(g)      Br<sub>2</sub>(g)  +   Cl<sub>2</sub>(g)  A)  2.97 × 10<sup>-4</sup> B)  1.72 × 10<sup>-2</sup> C)  3.45 × 10<sup>-2</sup> D)  1.31 × 10<sup>-1</sup> E)  > 1.00 The equilibrium constant for the reaction of bromine with chlorine to form bromine monochloride is 58.0 at a certain temperature. Br<sub>2</sub>(g)  + Cl<sub>2</sub>(g)    2BrCl(g)  What is the equilibrium constant for the following reaction? BrCl(g)      Br<sub>2</sub>(g)  +   Cl<sub>2</sub>(g)  A)  2.97 × 10<sup>-4</sup> B)  1.72 × 10<sup>-2</sup> C)  3.45 × 10<sup>-2</sup> D)  1.31 × 10<sup>-1</sup> E)  > 1.00 Br2(g) + The equilibrium constant for the reaction of bromine with chlorine to form bromine monochloride is 58.0 at a certain temperature. Br<sub>2</sub>(g)  + Cl<sub>2</sub>(g)    2BrCl(g)  What is the equilibrium constant for the following reaction? BrCl(g)      Br<sub>2</sub>(g)  +   Cl<sub>2</sub>(g)  A)  2.97 × 10<sup>-4</sup> B)  1.72 × 10<sup>-2</sup> C)  3.45 × 10<sup>-2</sup> D)  1.31 × 10<sup>-1</sup> E)  > 1.00 Cl2(g)


A) 2.97 × 10-4
B) 1.72 × 10-2
C) 3.45 × 10-2
D) 1.31 × 10-1
E) > 1.00

F) A) and E)
G) C) and E)

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