Question 1

Operant response rates tend to be ________ when linked to a ratio schedule rather than an interval schedule.Operant response rates tend to be ________ consistent when linked to a variable schedule rather than a fixed schedule.

Accepted Answer

A)   higher;less
B)   lower;more
C)   higher;more
D)   lower;lessE) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 2

In classical conditioning,an unlearned,naturally occurring response to an unconditioned stimulus is called a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)   conditioned response.
B)   unconditioned response.
C)   neutral stimulus.
D)   unconditioned stimulus.E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 3

Correlational studies show that prolonged viewing of televised violence ________ increased rates of violent behavior.

Accepted Answer

A)   inhibits
B)   causes
C)   is unrelated to
D)   predictsE) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 4

Taking away the driver's license of a reckless teen driver is intended to serve as a

Accepted Answer

A)   negative reinforcement.
B)   positive reinforcement.
C)   negative punishment.
D)   positive punishment.E) C) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 5

The process of reinforcing successively closer approximations to a desired behavior is called

Accepted Answer

A)   generalization.
B)   intermittent reinforcement.
C)   shaping.
D)   secondary reinforcement.E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 6

Which of the following is a frequent misperception regarding reinforcers?

Accepted Answer

A)   Reinforcement and punishment are synonymous.
B)   Negative reinforcement and punishment are the same thing.
C)   Positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement are the same thing.
D)   Positive punishment is the same as negative reinforcement.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 7

A patient who had long feared going into elevators was told by his therapist to force himself to enter 20 elevators a day.The therapist most likely wanted to encourage the ________ of the patient's fear.

Accepted Answer

A)   generalization
B)   discrimination
C)   spontaneous recovery
D)   extinctionE) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 8

Mirror neurons are believed by some scientists to provide a biological basis for

Accepted Answer

A)   classical conditioning.
B)   cognitive maps.
C)   observational learning.
D)   latent learning.E) All of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 9

In classical conditioning,generalization refers to the tendency for the conditioned response to be evoked by stimuli that are similar to the

Accepted Answer

A)   unconditioned stimulus.
B)   respondent behavior.
C)   conditioned stimulus.
D)   unconditioned response.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 10

Stacey tries extra hard in school because she receives 10 dollars for every A she earns on her report card.According to Thorndike's ________,Stacey is likely to continuing trying to earn As.

Accepted Answer

A)   classical conditioning
B)   operant conditioning
C)   law of effect
D)   shapingE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 11

A variable-ratio schedule of reinforcement is one in which a response is reinforced only after a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)   specified time period has elapsed.
B)   unpredictable time period has elapsed.
C)   specified number of responses have been made.
D)   unpredictable number of responses have been made.E) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 12

At one time Jimmy was scared of dogs because he was bitten by one.With subsequent repeated exposure to tame dogs in safe settings,however,his fear of dogs has gradually faded.Jimmy's diminishing fear of dogs best illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)   operant behavior.
B)   spontaneous recovery.
C)   extinction.
D)   acquisition.E) None of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 13

Neuroscientists have discovered mirror neurons in the

Accepted Answer

A)   frontal lobe adjacent to the motor cortex.
B)   temporal lobe adjacent to the auditory cortex.
C)   parietal lobe adjacent to the sensory cortex.
D)   occipital lobe adjacent to the visual cortex.E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 14

A reinforcement is any event that

Accepted Answer

A)   satisfies a biological need.
B)   triggers feelings of pleasure.
C)   elicits respondent behavior.
D)   increases the frequency of a preceding response.E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 15

Any stimulus that,when removed after a response,strengthens the response is called a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)   conditioned stimulus.
B)   unconditioned stimulus.
C)   positive reinforcer.
D)   negative reinforcer.E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 16

Researchers found that in the United States and Canada,homicide rates doubled over a time in which TV with violent programming was introduced.This finding does not prove that viewing violence on TV causes aggression because

Accepted Answer

A)   the finding could not be replicated in another country.
B)   the researchers randomly assigned viewers to watch either violent or nonviolent programming.
C)   the research finding involved correlational evidence.
D)   the research participants knew they were part of an ongoing TV viewing study.E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 17

Which of the following is an unconditioned response?

Accepted Answer

A)   salivating at the sight of a lemon
B)   raising your hand to ask a question
C)   jerking your hand off a very hot stove
D)   walking into a restaurant to eatE) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 18

Studies of latent learning highlight the importance of

Accepted Answer

A)   conditioned stimuli.
B)   unconditioned stimuli.
C)   cognitive processes.
D)   instinctive drift.E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 19

If a shock is always preceded by a tone,and then sometimes also is preceded by a light that accompanies the tone,a rat will react

Accepted Answer

A)   with no fear either to the tone or to the light.
B)   with fear to the tone but not to the light.
C)   with fear to the light but not to the tone.
D)   with equally high levels of fear both to the tone and to the light.E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 20

Peggy's use of foul language decreased because it was followed by the loss of her $5 weekly allowance.Taking away Peggy's allowance served as ________ for her foul language.

Accepted Answer

A)   negative reinforcement
B)   positive punishment
C)   secondary reinforcement
D)   negative punishmentE) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Exam 7: Learning

Which of the following is an unconditioned response?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correlational studies show that prolonged viewing of televised violence ________ increased rates of violent behavior.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Peggy's use of foul language decreased because it was followed by the loss of her $5 weekly allowance.Taking away Peggy's allowance served as ________ for her foul language.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is a frequent misperception regarding reinforcers?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In classical conditioning,generalization refers to the tendency for the conditioned response to be evoked by stimuli that are similar to the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In classical conditioning,an unlearned,naturally occurring response to an unconditioned stimulus is called a(n)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Stacey tries extra hard in school because she receives 10 dollars for every A she earns on her report card.According to Thorndike's ________,Stacey is likely to continuing trying to earn As.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A variable-ratio schedule of reinforcement is one in which a response is reinforced only after a(n)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

At one time Jimmy was scared of dogs because he was bitten by one.With subsequent repeated exposure to tame dogs in safe settings,however,his fear of dogs has gradually faded.Jimmy's diminishing fear of dogs best illustrates

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Mirror neurons are believed by some scientists to provide a biological basis for

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The process of reinforcing successively closer approximations to a desired behavior is called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A patient who had long feared going into elevators was told by his therapist to force himself to enter 20 elevators a day.The therapist most likely wanted to encourage the ________ of the patient's fear.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Researchers found that in the United States and Canada,homicide rates doubled over a time in which TV with violent programming was introduced.This finding does not prove that viewing violence on TV causes aggression because

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Taking away the driver's license of a reckless teen driver is intended to serve as a

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A reinforcement is any event that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Operant response rates tend to be ________ when linked to a ratio schedule rather than an interval schedule.Operant response rates tend to be ________ consistent when linked to a variable schedule rather than a fixed schedule.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Studies of latent learning highlight the importance of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Neuroscientists have discovered mirror neurons in the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Any stimulus that,when removed after a response,strengthens the response is called a(n)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If a shock is always preceded by a tone,and then sometimes also is preceded by a light that accompanies the tone,a rat will react

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Operant response rates tend to be when linked to a ratio schedule rather than an interval schedule.Operant response rates tend to be consistent when linked to a variable schedule rather than a fixed schedule.

Correct Answer
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