Question 1

You have just finished a really long workout at the gym. You sweat quite a bit, and now feel thirsty. You have lost a lot of water and some ions while sweating. Decreased Na+ in body fluids (Na+ depletion)  _____ renin secretion.

Accepted Answer

A)  increases
B)  decreases
C)  has no effect onD) All of the above
E) None of the above

Question 2

The loop of Henle in the nephrons of desert-dwelling kangaroo rats is much longer than the loop of Henle in humans. What is the advantage of this increased length for the kangaroo rat?

Accepted Answer

A)  A longer loop of Henle can generate a larger concentration gradient, which allows for the production of a more concentrated urine.
B)  A longer loop of Henle can generate a smaller concentration gradient, which allows for the production of a more concentrated urine.
C)  A longer loop of Henle can generate a larger concentration gradient, which allows for the production of a less concentrated urine.
D)  A longer loop of Henle can generate a smaller concentration gradient, which allows for the production of a less concentrated urine.
E)  None of the answer options is correct.F) C) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 3

Which of the following statements about the distal convoluted tubule is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

A)  The filtrate entering the tubule is hypertonic relative to the interstitial space.
B)  Urea is the principal solute found within the filtrate in the distal convoluted tubule.
C)  Other wastes from the bloodstream are actively secreted into the distal convoluted tubule.
D)  The distal convoluted tubule delivers filtrate to the collecting duct.
E)  None of the other answer options is false.F) C) and D)
G) B) and E)

Question 4

Osmoregulators have _____ internal solute concentrations compared to their external environment.

Accepted Answer

A)  the same
B)  different
C)  always lower
D)  always higherE) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 5

What is the significance of the fact that the loop of Henle extends into the medulla of the kidney with sections that run antiparallel to one another?

Accepted Answer

A)  The loop of Henle maintains the concentration gradient in the kidney.
B)  The loop of Henle generates the concentration gradient in the kidney.
C)  The loop of Henle contains more aquaporins.
D)  The loop of Henle is permeable to urea on one side, but not the other.E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 6

Which of the following statements about the control of blood volume and blood pressure is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Angiotensin II stimulates the release of antidiuretic hormone, which increases salt and water uptake by the distal convoluted tubule.
B)  A drop in blood pressure stimulates the cells of the juxtaglomerular apparatus to release renin.
C)  Inactive angiotensinogen is converted to angiotensin II by an enzyme released from the lungs.
D)  Angiotensin II causes the smooth muscle in the walls of the arterioles to contract.
E)  None of the answer options is false.F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 7

Multicellular animals with pressurized circulatory systems use a three-step process to isolate and eliminate wastes. Arrange these steps in order from earliest to latest.

Accepted Answer

A)  filtration, reabsorption, secretion
B)  secretion, filtration, reabsorption
C)  filtration, secretion, reabsorption
D)  reabsorption; filtration, secretion
E)  secretion, reabsorption, filtrationF) B) and E)
G) All of the above

Question 8

In addition to osmoregulation, the kidneys participate in regulating blood pressure. Specialized cells of the efferent arteriole, called the _____ apparatus, secrete the hormone renin in response to a drop in blood pressure. This, in turn, triggers additional responses that help raise blood pressure.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In addition to osmoregulation, the kidneys participate...

Question 9

Which of the following statements about nitrogenous waste excretion is CORRECT?

Accepted Answer

A)  Uric acid is less toxic than ammonia, but more energetically costly to produce.
B)  Ammonia is more toxic than urea, but requires less water for excretion.
C)  Urea is less toxic than uric acid, but more energetically costly to produce.
D)  Uric acid is less toxic than urea, but requires more water for excretion.
E)  Ammonia is less toxic than uric acid, but requires more water for excretion.F) B) and C)
G) A) and C)

Question 10

Placing a freshwater flatworm like Planaria in a dilute salt solution results in:

Accepted Answer

A)  more dilute urine.
B)  more concentrated urine.
C)  no change in urine concentration.D) A) and C)
E) A) and B)

Question 11

Which of the following CORRECTLY describes the path of excretory fluids through a mammalian nephron?

Accepted Answer

A)  glomerulus, Bowman's space, proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule, collecting duct
B)  glomerulus, Bowman's space, proximal convoluted tubule, distal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, collecting duct
C)  glomerulus, Bowman's space, loop of Henle, proximal convoluted tubule, distal convoluted tubule, collecting duct
D)  Bowman's space, glomerulus, proximal convoluted tubule, distal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, collecting duct
E)  collecting duct, proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule, Bowman's space, glomerulusF) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

Question 12

Desert reptiles excrete nitrogenous waste in the form of uric acid, which allows them to reabsorb most of the water from their urine.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Which of the following statements about excretory organs in complex multicellular animals is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

A)  All of the materials that are removed from the blood during filtration will eventually be excreted.
B)  Excretory systems are important for balancing both electrolyte and water levels in the body.
C)  If organisms relied on molecule-specific active transport of wastes alone, then novel toxic compounds could not be excreted.
D)  The process of excretion has more steps in complex multicellular animals with pressurized circulatory systems than in simple multicellular animals.
E)  None of the answer options is false.F) B) and E)
G) C) and E)

Question 14

By the time the filtrate leaves the proximal convoluted tubule, about 75% of the water and most of the electrolytes and solutes have been reabsorbed into the bloodstream.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

You have just finished a really long workout at the gym. You sweat quite a bit, and now feel thirsty.
Na+ reabsorption will increase in the distal convoluted tubule.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

One of the most extensive animal radiations is that of terrestrial arthropods (including insects) . They excrete uric acid as their form of nitrogenous waste. Why does excreting uric acid allow them to conserve more water than a mammal that has extensive kidney tubules for water reabsorption?

Accepted Answer

A)  The high solubility of uric acid allows the excretory system to reabsorb water.
B)  Uric acid levels stay high in the blood, maintaining a strong osmotic gradient, which allows water to be reabsorbed.
C)  After precipitation, uric acid no longer exerts osmotic pressure; water returns to the hypertonic tissues.
D)  After precipitation, uric acid no longer exerts osmotic pressure; water leaves the hypertonic tissues.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 17

The blood vessels surrounding the loop of Henle are collectively called the _____ and are arranged in a countercurrent organization, just like the loop of Henle.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The blood vessels surrounding the loop of...

Question 18

List the three forms of nitrogenous waste in order from the one that requires the most water to eliminate it to the one that requires the least water to eliminate it.

Accepted Answer

A)  uric acid, urea, ammonia
B)  uric acid, ammonia, urea
C)  urea, uric acid, ammonia
D)  ammonia, uric acid, urea
E)  ammonia, urea, uric acidF) B) and C)
G) D) and E)

Question 19

The loops of Henle create a concentration gradient in the interstitial fluid surrounding the loop, with the concentration highest in the _____ and lowest in the _____ of the kidney.

Accepted Answer

A)  inner medulla; cortex
B)  outer medulla; inner medulla
C)  outer medulla; cortex
D)  cortex; inner medulla
E)  cortex; outer medullaF) B) and E)
G) A) and C)

Question 20

Osmoconformers tend to live in environments with variable solute concentrations.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 41: Animal Renal Systems: Water and Waste

Correct Answer
verified

One of the most extensive animal radiations is that of terrestrial arthropods (including insects) . They excrete uric acid as their form of nitrogenous waste. Why does excreting uric acid allow them to conserve more water than a mammal that has extensive kidney tubules for water reabsorption?

Correct Answer
verified

By the time the filtrate leaves the proximal convoluted tubule, about 75% of the water and most of the electrolytes and solutes have been reabsorbed into the bloodstream.

Correct Answer
verified

Osmoconformers tend to live in environments with variable solute concentrations.

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following CORRECTLY describes the path of excretory fluids through a mammalian nephron?

Correct Answer
verified

The blood vessels surrounding the loop of Henle are collectively called the _____ and are arranged in a countercurrent organization, just like the loop of Henle.

Correct Answer
verified

You have just finished a really long workout at the gym. You sweat quite a bit, and now feel thirsty. You have lost a lot of water and some ions while sweating. Decreased Na⁺ in body fluids (Na⁺ depletion) _____ renin secretion.

Correct Answer
verified

What is the significance of the fact that the loop of Henle extends into the medulla of the kidney with sections that run antiparallel to one another?

Correct Answer
verified

List the three forms of nitrogenous waste in order from the one that requires the most water to eliminate it to the one that requires the least water to eliminate it.

Correct Answer
verified

You have just finished a really long workout at the gym. You sweat quite a bit, and now feel thirsty. Na⁺ reabsorption will increase in the distal convoluted tubule.

Correct Answer
verified

The loop of Henle in the nephrons of desert-dwelling kangaroo rats is much longer than the loop of Henle in humans. What is the advantage of this increased length for the kangaroo rat?

Correct Answer
verified

Placing a freshwater flatworm like Planaria in a dilute salt solution results in:

Correct Answer
verified

Multicellular animals with pressurized circulatory systems use a three-step process to isolate and eliminate wastes. Arrange these steps in order from earliest to latest.

Correct Answer
verified

Desert reptiles excrete nitrogenous waste in the form of uric acid, which allows them to reabsorb most of the water from their urine.

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following statements about the control of blood volume and blood pressure is NOT true?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following statements about nitrogenous waste excretion is CORRECT?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following statements about excretory organs in complex multicellular animals is NOT true?

Correct Answer
verified

The loops of Henle create a concentration gradient in the interstitial fluid surrounding the loop, with the concentration highest in the _ and lowest in the _ of the kidney.

Correct Answer
verified

Osmoregulators have _____ internal solute concentrations compared to their external environment.

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following statements about the distal convoluted tubule is NOT true?

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 41: Animal Renal Systems: Water and Waste

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

One of the most extensive animal radiations is that of terrestrial arthropods (including insects) . They excrete uric acid as their form of nitrogenous waste. Why does excreting uric acid allow them to conserve more water than a mammal that has extensive kidney tubules for water reabsorption?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

By the time the filtrate leaves the proximal convoluted tubule, about 75% of the water and most of the electrolytes and solutes have been reabsorbed into the bloodstream.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Osmoconformers tend to live in environments with variable solute concentrations.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following CORRECTLY describes the path of excretory fluids through a mammalian nephron?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The blood vessels surrounding the loop of Henle are collectively called the _____ and are arranged in a countercurrent organization, just like the loop of Henle.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

You have just finished a really long workout at the gym. You sweat quite a bit, and now feel thirsty. You have lost a lot of water and some ions while sweating. Decreased Na+ in body fluids (Na+ depletion) _____ renin secretion.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the significance of the fact that the loop of Henle extends into the medulla of the kidney with sections that run antiparallel to one another?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

List the three forms of nitrogenous waste in order from the one that requires the most water to eliminate it to the one that requires the least water to eliminate it.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

You have just finished a really long workout at the gym. You sweat quite a bit, and now feel thirsty. Na+ reabsorption will increase in the distal convoluted tubule.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The loop of Henle in the nephrons of desert-dwelling kangaroo rats is much longer than the loop of Henle in humans. What is the advantage of this increased length for the kangaroo rat?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Placing a freshwater flatworm like Planaria in a dilute salt solution results in:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Multicellular animals with pressurized circulatory systems use a three-step process to isolate and eliminate wastes. Arrange these steps in order from earliest to latest.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Desert reptiles excrete nitrogenous waste in the form of uric acid, which allows them to reabsorb most of the water from their urine.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements about the control of blood volume and blood pressure is NOT true?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements about nitrogenous waste excretion is CORRECT?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements about excretory organs in complex multicellular animals is NOT true?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The loops of Henle create a concentration gradient in the interstitial fluid surrounding the loop, with the concentration highest in the _____ and lowest in the _____ of the kidney.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Osmoregulators have _____ internal solute concentrations compared to their external environment.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements about the distal convoluted tubule is NOT true?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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You have just finished a really long workout at the gym. You sweat quite a bit, and now feel thirsty. You have lost a lot of water and some ions while sweating. Decreased Na⁺ in body fluids (Na⁺ depletion) _____ renin secretion.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

You have just finished a really long workout at the gym. You sweat quite a bit, and now feel thirsty. Na⁺ reabsorption will increase in the distal convoluted tubule.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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verified

The loops of Henle create a concentration gradient in the interstitial fluid surrounding the loop, with the concentration highest in the _ and lowest in the _ of the kidney.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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