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The practice of simultaneously increasing product and service benefits while maintaining or decreasing price is referred to as __________.


A) value-pricing
B) customer-value pricing
C) competitive pricing
D) cost pricing
E) demand pricing

F) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

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Creative marketers engage in value-pricing,which is the practice of simultaneously __________ while maintaining or decreasing price.


A) decreasing product and service benefits
B) increasing product and service benefits
C) decreasing profit
D) analyzing benefits
E) decreasing cost

F) B) and C)
G) A) and E)

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Elastic demand exists when


A) a small percentage decrease in price produces a smaller percentage increase in quantity demanded.
B) a small percentage decrease in price produces a larger percentage increase in quantity demanded.
C) an increase in price causes a larger increase in quantity demanded.
D) the quantity demanded remains the same regardless of level of price.
E) no change in in price produces a small percentage change in quantity demanded.

F) B) and C)
G) A) and D)

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Suppose you are the owner of a picture frame store and you wish to calculate how many pictures you must sell to cover your fixed and variable costs at a given price.Let's assume that the demand for your pictures is strong,so the average price customers are willing to pay for each picture frame is $120.Also,suppose your fixed costs (FC) total $32,000 (real estate taxes,interest on a bank loan,etc. ) and unit variable cost (UVC) for a picture frame is $40 (labor,glass,frame,and matting) .If your picture frame store sold 2,000 picture frames,what would your profit (or loss) be?


A) a loss of $32,000
B) $0-just able to break-even
C) $32,000 profit
D) $112,000 profit
E) $128,000 profit

F) A) and C)
G) A) and E)

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While consumer tastes and price and availability of similar products determine what consumers want to buy,consumer income determines


A) where they buy.
B) the degree of brand loyalty.
C) the degree of repeat buys.
D) what they can buy.
E) their desire to buy.

F) All of the above
G) B) and E)

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At one point,people were willing to pay hundreds of dollars on eBay for a Beanie Baby toy that originally cost a fraction of that amount.Today,those same Beanie Babies can be found at garage sales all over the country for a less than a dollar apiece.This is MOST LIKELY due to


A) faulty craftsmanship in later production batches.
B) a sharp downturn in the economy.
C) the new,more nostalgic fad of bobble-head dolls.
D) too many counterfeit Beanie Babies entering the country.
E) a product becoming a fad and then losing its fad appeal.

F) A) and E)
G) A) and C)

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An oligopoly is a competitive market situation where


A) many sellers follow market price for identical,commodity products.
B) one seller sets the price for a unique product.
C) few sellers are sensitive to one another's prices.
D) many sellers compete on nonprice factors.
E) one or few sellers compete solely on nonprice factors.

F) D) and E)
G) B) and E)

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Jane Westerlund owns a picture frame store and has generated a spreadsheet of several calculations based on different quantity,price,revenue,cost,and profit scenarios shown in Figure 13-9 above.At what sales level is profit maximized?


A) 0
B) 400
C) 800
D) 1,600
E) 2,000

F) B) and C)
G) A) and D)

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Price refers to


A) the value assigned to the exchange of products and services for other products and services.
B) the value judgment made by both the buyer and seller regarding an item's worth.
C) the money or other considerations (including other products and services) exchanged for the ownership or use of a product or service.
D) the value assessed for the benefits of using a product or service.
E) the highest monetary value a customer is willing to pay for a product or service.

F) B) and D)
G) D) and E)

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Marginal revenue refers to


A) the additional money required to produce one additional unit.
B) the least number of units sold to cover product,distribution,and promotional costs.
C) the amount by which marginal costs exceed variable costs.
D) the change in total revenue that results from producing and marketing one additional unit of the product.
E) the net gain in revenue if unit prices are lowered.

F) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

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What is the difference between fixed costs and variable costs?

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Fixed cost is the sum of the expenses of...

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With consumers having great opportunities to compare prices on the Internet,they can make more __________ buying decisions.


A) efficient
B) profitable
C) effective
D) relative
E) affective

F) C) and D)
G) A) and D)

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All of the following are examples of pricing constraints EXCEPT:


A) newness of the product.
B) competitors' prices.
C) newness of the product (stage in its life cycle) .
D) social responsibility.
E) demand for the product class,product,or brand.

F) B) and C)
G) A) and D)

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What are the six major steps involved in setting prices?

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Step 1: Identify pricing objectives and ...

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Suppose you are the owner of a picture frame store.Let's assume that the average price customers are willing to pay for each picture frame is $120.Also,suppose your fixed costs (FC) total $32,000 (real estate taxes,interest on a bank loan,etc. ) and unit variable cost (UVC) for a picture frame is $40 (labor,glass,frame,and matting) .Figure 13-10 above shows that by selling 200 pictures,your picture frame store will


A) break even.
B) earn a profit.
C) incur a loss.
D) have no fixed costs.
E) have no variable costs.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and E)

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Break-even analysis refers to


A) a process that investigates the difference between marginal revenue and marginal cost.
B) a method of determining just how much a consumer is willing to pay for a product or service.
C) a technique that analyzes the relationship between total revenue and total cost to determine profitability at various levels of output.
D) the process of determining the quantity of product consumers will buy relative to the quantity produced by the firm.
E) the graph that shows the maximum number of products consumers will buy at a given price.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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You are president of a manufacturer of small electric appliances.You want to reduce your break-even quantity.All things being equal,you can do this by


A) increasing the quantity sold,while keeping price unchanged.
B) reducing marginal revenue.
C) reducing unit variable cost.
D) increasing fixed cost.
E) increasing total cost.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and E)

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Suppose you are the owner of a picture frame store.Let's assume that the average price customers are willing to pay for each picture frame is $120.Also,suppose your fixed costs (FC) total $32,000 (real estate taxes,interest on a bank loan,etc. ) and unit variable cost (UVC) for a picture frame is $40 (labor,glass,frame,and matting) .According to Figure 13-10 above,how much profit will your picture frame store make if it sells 400 picture frames?


A) $48,000
B) $32,000
C) $16,000
D) $0
E) ($32,000)

F) A) and D)
G) B) and D)

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When Pizza Hut announced it was going to add 25 percent more toppings to its Meat Lover's line of pizzas without increasing prices,what consumer motivation was it appealing to?


A) cost
B) appearance
C) value
D) price
E) quality

F) B) and E)
G) All of the above

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Factors that determine consumers' willingness and ability to pay for products and services are referred to as


A) supply factors.
B) demand factors.
C) affordability factors.
D) elasticity factors.
E) macro environmental factors.

F) D) and E)
G) All of the above

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